ANP 652 Final Study Guide
AI Hemolytic Anemia Correct Answer AI that causes
Erythrocyte destruction and anemia
AIDS dementia complex Correct Answer the mental disorder
resulting from an attack by HIV on the brain and nerves
Alzheimer's disease. This is the most common cause of
dementia. Correct Answer Although not all causes of
Alzheimer's disease are known, experts do know that a small
percentage are related to mutations of three genes, which can be
passed down from parent to child. While several genes are
probably involved in Alzheimer's disease, one important gene
that increases risk is apolipoprotein E4 (APOE).
Alzheimer's disease patients have plaques and tangles in their
brains. Plaques are clumps of a protein called beta-amyloid, and
tangles are fibrous tangles made up of tau protein. It's thought
that these clumps damage healthy neurons and the fibers
connecting them.
Aplastic Anemia Correct Answer a normocytic-
normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of
bone marrow to produce red blood cells
Beer's List of Medications Correct Answer -NSAIDS (except
ASA)
-SS Insulin
-long acting sulfonylureas
-BZDs, barbiturates, sleep aids
-anticholinergics
,-antihistamines
-antispasmotics
-antipsychotics
-digoxin and amiodarone (use low dose)
-antiparkinon agents
-meperidine (d/t toxic metabolites)
-PPIs (>8wks)
-alpha blockers
-systemic estrogen/androgens
Brain death criteria Correct Answer Completion of all
appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
Unresponsive coma (absence of motor and reflex responses)
No spontaneous respirations (apnea)
Pupils dilated, fixed; no reflexes
Flat EEG
No ocular responses
Isoelectric EEG
Persistence 6 to 12 hours after onset
Cataracts Correct Answer clouding of the lens
Causes of Infection in Geriatric Patients Correct Answer
Cervical Spine injury Correct Answer Hyperextension of the
neck
Hyperflexion of the neck
Possibly with fracture
Usually damage to disc and ligaments occurs
,affects motor and sensory fuction in arm,legs, and trunk,
respiratory functions, SNS functions, Sacral parasympathetic
fibers
Inflammation may extend upward to the level of C3-C5
CHADS VASULAR SCORING Correct Answer The
CHA2DS2-VASc score is a point-based system used to stratify
the risk of stroke in AF patients. The acronym CHA2DS2-VASc
stands for congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75
(doubled), diabetes, stroke (doubled), vascular disease, age 65 to
74 and sex category (female)
CHADS2 score Correct Answer risk of stroke in patients with
non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation (AF), since AF can cause stasis
of blood in the upper heart chambers, leading to the formation of
a mural thrombus that can dislodge into the blood flow, reach
the brain, cut off supply to the brain, and cause a stroke.
CHF
HTN >140/90
Age >75
Diabetes
Stroke (2 pts)
0 = aspirin/or nothing
1 = aspirin or warfarin
>2 = warfarin
Characteristics and Symptoms of Dementia Correct Answer
Cognitive: mental decline, confusion in the evening hours,
disorientation, inability to speak or understand language, making
, things up, mental confusion, or inability to recognize common
things
Behavioral: irritability, personality changes, restlessness, lack of
restraint, or wandering and getting lost
Mood: anxiety, loneliness, mood swings, or nervousness
Psychological: depression, hallucination, or paranoia
Muscular: inability to combine muscle movements or unsteady
walking
Also common: memory loss, falling, jumbled speech, or sleep
disorder
Characteristics of Myasthenia Gravis Correct Answer -
Muscular weakness and fatigue
-Respiratory muscle paralysis, ptosis, difficulty chewing and
swallowing
Complications of Dementia Correct Answer 1. Poor nutrition.
Many people with dementia eventually reduce or stop eating,
affecting their nutrient intake. Ultimately, they may be unable to
chew and swallow.
2. Pneumonia. Difficulty swallowing increases the risk of
choking or aspirating food into the lungs, which can block
breathing and cause pneumonia.
3. Inability to perform self-care tasks. As dementia progresses, it
can interfere with bathing, dressing, brushing hair or teeth, using
the toilet independently, and taking medications as directed.
4. Personal safety challenges. Some day-to-day situations can
present safety issues for people with dementia, including
driving, cooking, and walking and living alone.
5. Death. Late-stage dementia results in coma and death, often
from infection.
AI Hemolytic Anemia Correct Answer AI that causes
Erythrocyte destruction and anemia
AIDS dementia complex Correct Answer the mental disorder
resulting from an attack by HIV on the brain and nerves
Alzheimer's disease. This is the most common cause of
dementia. Correct Answer Although not all causes of
Alzheimer's disease are known, experts do know that a small
percentage are related to mutations of three genes, which can be
passed down from parent to child. While several genes are
probably involved in Alzheimer's disease, one important gene
that increases risk is apolipoprotein E4 (APOE).
Alzheimer's disease patients have plaques and tangles in their
brains. Plaques are clumps of a protein called beta-amyloid, and
tangles are fibrous tangles made up of tau protein. It's thought
that these clumps damage healthy neurons and the fibers
connecting them.
Aplastic Anemia Correct Answer a normocytic-
normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of
bone marrow to produce red blood cells
Beer's List of Medications Correct Answer -NSAIDS (except
ASA)
-SS Insulin
-long acting sulfonylureas
-BZDs, barbiturates, sleep aids
-anticholinergics
,-antihistamines
-antispasmotics
-antipsychotics
-digoxin and amiodarone (use low dose)
-antiparkinon agents
-meperidine (d/t toxic metabolites)
-PPIs (>8wks)
-alpha blockers
-systemic estrogen/androgens
Brain death criteria Correct Answer Completion of all
appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
Unresponsive coma (absence of motor and reflex responses)
No spontaneous respirations (apnea)
Pupils dilated, fixed; no reflexes
Flat EEG
No ocular responses
Isoelectric EEG
Persistence 6 to 12 hours after onset
Cataracts Correct Answer clouding of the lens
Causes of Infection in Geriatric Patients Correct Answer
Cervical Spine injury Correct Answer Hyperextension of the
neck
Hyperflexion of the neck
Possibly with fracture
Usually damage to disc and ligaments occurs
,affects motor and sensory fuction in arm,legs, and trunk,
respiratory functions, SNS functions, Sacral parasympathetic
fibers
Inflammation may extend upward to the level of C3-C5
CHADS VASULAR SCORING Correct Answer The
CHA2DS2-VASc score is a point-based system used to stratify
the risk of stroke in AF patients. The acronym CHA2DS2-VASc
stands for congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75
(doubled), diabetes, stroke (doubled), vascular disease, age 65 to
74 and sex category (female)
CHADS2 score Correct Answer risk of stroke in patients with
non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation (AF), since AF can cause stasis
of blood in the upper heart chambers, leading to the formation of
a mural thrombus that can dislodge into the blood flow, reach
the brain, cut off supply to the brain, and cause a stroke.
CHF
HTN >140/90
Age >75
Diabetes
Stroke (2 pts)
0 = aspirin/or nothing
1 = aspirin or warfarin
>2 = warfarin
Characteristics and Symptoms of Dementia Correct Answer
Cognitive: mental decline, confusion in the evening hours,
disorientation, inability to speak or understand language, making
, things up, mental confusion, or inability to recognize common
things
Behavioral: irritability, personality changes, restlessness, lack of
restraint, or wandering and getting lost
Mood: anxiety, loneliness, mood swings, or nervousness
Psychological: depression, hallucination, or paranoia
Muscular: inability to combine muscle movements or unsteady
walking
Also common: memory loss, falling, jumbled speech, or sleep
disorder
Characteristics of Myasthenia Gravis Correct Answer -
Muscular weakness and fatigue
-Respiratory muscle paralysis, ptosis, difficulty chewing and
swallowing
Complications of Dementia Correct Answer 1. Poor nutrition.
Many people with dementia eventually reduce or stop eating,
affecting their nutrient intake. Ultimately, they may be unable to
chew and swallow.
2. Pneumonia. Difficulty swallowing increases the risk of
choking or aspirating food into the lungs, which can block
breathing and cause pneumonia.
3. Inability to perform self-care tasks. As dementia progresses, it
can interfere with bathing, dressing, brushing hair or teeth, using
the toilet independently, and taking medications as directed.
4. Personal safety challenges. Some day-to-day situations can
present safety issues for people with dementia, including
driving, cooking, and walking and living alone.
5. Death. Late-stage dementia results in coma and death, often
from infection.
