ASU HCR 240 Sarder: Exam 2 Latest
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026.
what is the difference between a closed and open fracture? - Answer closed is within the skin
and open is shown by a break in the skin or a wound around the fracture area
what is a complete fracture - Answer fracture where bone is broken all the way through
what is an incomplete fracture - Answer bone is damaged but still in one piece
what is a displaced fracture - Answer bone ends are out of normal alignment (anatomical
position)
what is a comminuted fracture - Answer when a bone is a complete fracture broken into more
than 2 fragments
what are the 4 directionality types of fractures? - Answer transverse
linear
oblique
spiral
what is a bowing fracture - Answer The bone is bent without any real break
t/f bowing fractures are most common in children - Answer TRUE
what is a greenstick fracture - Answer type of fracture where the bone bends and splits,
causing a crack or incomplete break
t/f greenstick fractures are more common in adults - Answer FALSE; most common in
pediatrics
,what are the 3 types of fracture treatment - Answer reduction
traction
fixation
what is used in reduction fracture treatment - Answer the realignment of bone fragments
what is traction fracture treatment - Answer the use of weights to reduce fracture into proper
alignment
t/f traction fracture treatment is long term - Answer FALSE; typically short term until patient
can go into surgery
what is fixation fracture treatment - Answer immobilization of bones
what are some examples of tools used for fixation of a fracture - Answer halo (head/neck) and
rods/screws
what are the 5 stages of the bone healing process - Answer 1. hematoma formation
2. procallus formation
3. callus formation
4. replacement
5. remodeling
what happens in hematoma formation in the bone healing process? - Answer fibrin and
platelets are activated to form a blood clot and framework for healing
what happens in the procallus formation in the bone healing process? - Answer fibroblasts and
osteoblasts create granulation tissue (procallus)
what happens in the callus formation in the bone healing process? - Answer procallus is
hardened by the increase in phosphate and calcium deposition (everything stiffens)
, what happens in the remodeling phase of the bone healing process? - Answer bone returns to
normal with the help of osteoclasts
what is the difference between a sprain and a strain? - Answer strain: injury to tendon (muscle
--> bone)
sprain: injury to ligament (bone --> bone)
what are the clinical manifestations of strains/sprains? - Answer pain, limited range of motion,
swelling, discoloration
what does rhabdomyolysis mean? - Answer striated muscle necrosis
what is the most common cause of rhabdomyolysis? - Answer trauma such as crush injuries,
falls, edema
what is the pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis? - Answer with the trauma cause the striated
muscles release myoglobin --> myoglobin binds to hemoglobin instead of oxygen --> enters the
bloodstream and goes to kidneys --> causes acute kidney injury
what is the classic triad of symptoms for rhabdomyolysis? - Answer 1. pain
2. weakness
3. dark colored urine (but no presence of RBC)
what is the treatment for rhabdomyolysis? - Answer rapid hydration and dialysis
what are some causes of osteoperosis? - Answer - decrease in estrogen/testosterone
(menopause)
- low activity levels
- low vitamin D and Ca
- medications (steroids/glucocorticoids)
what are the clinical manifestations of osteoporosis? - Answer - pain
- bone deformities
Questions and All Correct Answers
2025-2026.
what is the difference between a closed and open fracture? - Answer closed is within the skin
and open is shown by a break in the skin or a wound around the fracture area
what is a complete fracture - Answer fracture where bone is broken all the way through
what is an incomplete fracture - Answer bone is damaged but still in one piece
what is a displaced fracture - Answer bone ends are out of normal alignment (anatomical
position)
what is a comminuted fracture - Answer when a bone is a complete fracture broken into more
than 2 fragments
what are the 4 directionality types of fractures? - Answer transverse
linear
oblique
spiral
what is a bowing fracture - Answer The bone is bent without any real break
t/f bowing fractures are most common in children - Answer TRUE
what is a greenstick fracture - Answer type of fracture where the bone bends and splits,
causing a crack or incomplete break
t/f greenstick fractures are more common in adults - Answer FALSE; most common in
pediatrics
,what are the 3 types of fracture treatment - Answer reduction
traction
fixation
what is used in reduction fracture treatment - Answer the realignment of bone fragments
what is traction fracture treatment - Answer the use of weights to reduce fracture into proper
alignment
t/f traction fracture treatment is long term - Answer FALSE; typically short term until patient
can go into surgery
what is fixation fracture treatment - Answer immobilization of bones
what are some examples of tools used for fixation of a fracture - Answer halo (head/neck) and
rods/screws
what are the 5 stages of the bone healing process - Answer 1. hematoma formation
2. procallus formation
3. callus formation
4. replacement
5. remodeling
what happens in hematoma formation in the bone healing process? - Answer fibrin and
platelets are activated to form a blood clot and framework for healing
what happens in the procallus formation in the bone healing process? - Answer fibroblasts and
osteoblasts create granulation tissue (procallus)
what happens in the callus formation in the bone healing process? - Answer procallus is
hardened by the increase in phosphate and calcium deposition (everything stiffens)
, what happens in the remodeling phase of the bone healing process? - Answer bone returns to
normal with the help of osteoclasts
what is the difference between a sprain and a strain? - Answer strain: injury to tendon (muscle
--> bone)
sprain: injury to ligament (bone --> bone)
what are the clinical manifestations of strains/sprains? - Answer pain, limited range of motion,
swelling, discoloration
what does rhabdomyolysis mean? - Answer striated muscle necrosis
what is the most common cause of rhabdomyolysis? - Answer trauma such as crush injuries,
falls, edema
what is the pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis? - Answer with the trauma cause the striated
muscles release myoglobin --> myoglobin binds to hemoglobin instead of oxygen --> enters the
bloodstream and goes to kidneys --> causes acute kidney injury
what is the classic triad of symptoms for rhabdomyolysis? - Answer 1. pain
2. weakness
3. dark colored urine (but no presence of RBC)
what is the treatment for rhabdomyolysis? - Answer rapid hydration and dialysis
what are some causes of osteoperosis? - Answer - decrease in estrogen/testosterone
(menopause)
- low activity levels
- low vitamin D and Ca
- medications (steroids/glucocorticoids)
what are the clinical manifestations of osteoporosis? - Answer - pain
- bone deformities
