TEST BANK Test Bank For
Immunology And Serology In Laboratory Medicine, 8th Edition By Mary Louise Turgeon
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine
Chapter 1-27
Chapter 01: Highlights Of The Innate And Adaptive Immune Systems
Multiple Choice
1. The ―Father‖ Of Immunology Is Generally Considered To Be
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANSWER: B
Louis Pasteur Is Generally Considered To Be The ―Father Of Immunology.‖
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
2. An Early Form Of Immunization Was Practiced By The
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans.
ANSWER: C
Beginning About 1000 Ad, The Chinese Practiced A Form Of Immunization By Inhaling
Dried Powders Derived From The Crusts Of Smallpox Lesions.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
3. A Specific Function Of The Immune System Is To
a. Recognize Self From Nonself.
b. Defend The Body Against Nonself.
c. Amplify Specific Functions.
d. Both A And B.
ANSWER: D
The Function Of The Immune System Is To Recognize Self From Nonself And Defend The
Body Against Nonself. Such A System Is Necessary For Survival. The Immune System Also
Has Nonspecific Effector Mechanisms That Usually Amplify The Specific Functions.
Nonspecific Components Of The Immune System Include Mononuclear Phagocytes,
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes, And Soluble Factors (E.G., Complement).
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
,4. An Undesirable Consequence Of Immunity Is d. Bone Marrow, Liver-Spleen, Yolk Sac.
a. Natural Resistance. ANSWER: A
b. Acquired Resistance To Infectious Diseases. The First Blood Cells Are Primitive Red Blood Cells (Erythroblasts; Rbcs) Formed In The
c. An Autoimmune Disorder. Islets Of The Yolk Sac During The First 2 To 8 Weeks Of Life. Gradually, The Liver And
d. Recovery From Infectious Disease. Spleen Replace The Yolk Sac As The Sites Of Blood Cell Development. By The Second
ANSWER: C Month Of Gestation, The Liver Becomes The Major Site Of Hematopoiesis, And Granular
The Desirable Consequences Of Immunity Include Natural Resistance, Recovery, And Types Of Leukocytes Have Made Their Initial Appearance. The Liver And Spleen
Acquired Resistance To Infectious Diseases. A Deficiency Or Dysfunction Of The Immune Predominate From About 2 To 5 Months Of Fetal Life. In The Fourth Month Of Gestation,
System Can Cause Many Disorders. Undesirable Consequences Of Immunity Include Bone Marrow Begins To Produce Blood Cells. After The Fifth Fetal Month, Bone Marrow
Allergy, Rejection Of A Transplanted Organ, Or An Autoimmune Disorder. Begins To Assume Its Ultimate Role As The Primary Site Of Hematopoiesis.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii
5. The Immune System Has Various Distinctive Characteristics Except; a. 8. The Primary Function Of Mature Neutrophils Is
Specificity. a. To Reduce Inflammation.
b. Memory. b. To Lyse Parasites In The Circulatory System.
c. Mobility. c. Antigen Recognition.
d. Noncooperation Among Different Cells. d. Phagocytosis.
ANSWER: D ANSWER: D
The Immune System Is Composed Of A Large, Complex Set Of Widely Distributed Various Phagocytic Cells Continually Circulate Throughout The Blood, Lymph,
Elements, Gastrointestinal System, And Respiratory Tract. When Trauma Occurs, The Neutrophils
With The Distinctive Characteristics Of Specificity, Memory, Mobility, Replicability, And Arrive At The Site Of Injury And Can Be Found In The Initial Exudate In Less Than 1 Hour.
Cooperation Among Different Cells Or Cellular Products. Specificity And Memory Are Monocytes Are Slower In Moving To The Inflammatory Site. Macrophages Resident In The
Characteristics Of Lymphocytes In The Immune System. Nonspecific Elements Of The Tissues Of The Body Are Already In Place To Deal With An Intruding Agent. Additional
Immune System Demonstrate Mobility. In Addition, Specific And Nonspecific Cellular Macrophages From The Bone Marrow And Other Tissues Can Be Released In Severe
Components Of The Immune System Can Replicate. Cooperation Is Required For Optimal Infections.
Functioning, And Interaction Involves Specific Cellular Elements, Cell Products, And
Nonlymphoid Elements. DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I 9. Primary Granules, Or Azurophilic Granules, In Neutrophils Contain
a. Lysozyme.
6. Hematopoiesis Occurs In The Yolk Sac During The b. Myeloperoxidase.
a. Immediate Hours After Conception c. Lactoferrin.
b. Second Month Of Gestation. d. Both A And B.
c. Second Trimester Of Gestation.
ANSWER: D
d. Periods Of Severe Anemia In Children.
Granules In The Phagocyte Cytosol Contain Degradatory Enzymes Of Three Types
ANSWER: A 1. Primary, Or Azurophilic, Granules Containing Enzymes (E.G., Lysozyme,
The Sites Of Blood Cell Development, Or Hematopoiesis, Follow A Definite Sequence In Myeloperoxidase)
The Embryo And Fetus. Hematopoiesis Occurs In The Yolk Sac During The Second Month 2. Secondary, Or Specific, Granules Containing Substances Such As Lactoferrin.
Of Gestation. 3. Tertiary Granules Containing Substances Such As Caspases
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
7. The Sequence Of Blood Cell Development In The Embryo And Fetus Is 10. The Origin Of A Condition When Eosinophils Are Increased In The Circulating Blood Is
a. Yolk Sac, Liver-Spleen, Bone Marrow. Associated With: a. Fungus
b. Yolk Sac, Bone Marrow, Liver/Spleen. b. Parasitic Amoeba
c. Liver-Spleen, Yolk Sac, Bone Marrow. c. Allergic Reactions
, d. Bacteria Antigens As Part Of The Immune Response. Macrophages Are Believed To Process Antigens
And Physically Present This Biochemically Modified And More Reactive Form Of Antigen
ANSWER: C
To Lymphocytes (Particularly T Helper Cells) As An Initial Step In The Immune Response.
An Increase In Eosinophils Is Associated With A Wide Variety Of Conditions, But
Especially With Allergic Reactions, Drug Reactions, Certain Skin Disorders, Parasitic DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii
Infestations, Collagen Vascular Diseases, Hodgkin Disease, And Myeloproliferative Diseases.
14. Cell-Mediated Immunity Is Moderated By
A Functional Property Related To The Membrane Receptors Of The Eosinophil Is The Cell’s
a. B Lymphocytes.
Ability To Interact With The Larval Stages Of Some Helminth Parasites And Damage Them
b. T Lymphocytes.
By Oxidative Mechanisms. Certain Proteins Released From Eosinophilic Granules Damage
c. Monocytes-Macrophages.
Antibody-Coated Schistosoma Parasites And May Account For Damage To Endothelial Cells
d. Both B And C.
In Hypereosinophilic Syndromes.
ANSWER: D
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I Cell-Mediated Immunity Is Moderated By The Link Between T Lymphocytes And
Phagocytic Cells (I.E., Monocytes-Macrophages).
11. A Basophil Degranulates In A(N)
a. Inflammatory Reaction. DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
b. Immediate (Acute) Hypersensitivity Reaction.
c. Chronic Tissue Rejection. 15. B Lymphocytes Respond To
d. Both A And B. a. Antigens Presented On The Surface Of An Antigen-Presenting Cell.
b. Antigens On Microorganisms Or Other Living Cells.
ANSWER: B
c. Native Antigenic Determinants Of Appropriate Fit.
Basophils Have High Concentrations Of Heparin And Histamine In Their Granules. If Events
d. Antigens Floating In Body Fluids.
Are Triggered By Antigens From Pollen, Food, Drugs, Or Insect Venom, The Result Is An
Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction. ANSWER: C
The B Type Of Lymphocyte Can Probably Respond To A Native Antigenic Determinant Of
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii The Appropriate ―Fit.‖
12. Mononuclear Cells Are Effective Phagocytic Cells Against DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
a. Staphylococci.
b. Streptococci. 16. T Lymphocytes Respond To
c. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. a. Antigens Presented On The Surface Of An Antigen-Presenting Cell.
d. Pneumonia. b. Antigens On Microorganisms Or Other Living Cells.
c. Native Antigenic Determinants Of Appropriate Fit.
ANSWER: C
d. Antigens Floating In Body Fluids.
Mononuclear Cells Are Particularly Effective As Phagocytic Cells Because Of The Large
Amounts Of Lipase In Their Cytoplasm. Lipase Is Able To Attack Bacteria With A Lipid ANSWER: A
Capsule, Such As Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. The T Type Of Lymphocyte Responds To Antigens Presented By Other Cells In The Context
Of Major Histocompatibility Complex (Mhc) Proteins.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
13. Macrophages
a. Process Antigens. 17. Cytokines
b. Physically Present Biologically Modified Antigens To Lymphocytes. a. Are Produced By Various Cells Of The Immune System Including Lymphocytes,
c. Secrete A Lymphocyte-Activating Factor (Il-1) As A Result Of Proper Mhc Recognition. Monocytes, Macrophages.
d. All Of The Above. b. Act On Various Elements Of The Immune System.
c. Are Molecular Structures.
ANSWER: D
d. All Of The Above.
The Phagocytic Property Of The Macrophage Is Particularly Important In The Processing Of
ANSWER: D
Lymphocytes Are Immunologically Active Through Various Types Of Direct Cell-To-Cell
, Contact And By The Production Of Soluble Factors. Nonspecific Soluble Factors Are Made 21. A Specific Component Of The Adaptive Immune System Formed In Response To
By, Or Act On, Various Elements Of The Immune System. These Molecules Are Collectively Antigenic Stimulation Is a. Complement.
Called Cytokines. b. Immunoglobulin.
c. Increased Secretion Of Mucus.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I d. Enhanced Phagocytosis.
18. Another Name For Toll-Like Receptors Is ANSWER: B
a. Genome. If Specific Antibodies Have Been Formed To Antigenic Stimulation, They Are Available To
b. Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (Pamps). Protect The Body Against Foreign Substances. The Recognition Of Foreign Substances And
c. Pattern-Recognition Receptors. Subsequent Production Of Antibodies To These Substances Defines Immunity.
d. Complement.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
ANSWER: C
The Number Of Genes Encoded In An Organism Is Called Its Genome. The Innate Immune 22. Acquired Immunity Can Result From
Response May Not Be Able To Recognize Every Possible Antigen, But Rather May Focus On a. Vaccination By Injection Of An Antigen.
A Few Large Groups Of Microorganisms, Called Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns b. Contracting A Disease.
(Pamps). The Receptors Of The Innate Immune System That Recognize These Pamps Are c. Genetic Inheritance.
Called Pattern Recognition Receptors (E.G., Toll-Like Receptors). d. Both A And B.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I ANSWER: D
Antibody-Mediated Immunity To Infection Can Be Acquired If The Antibodies Are Formed
19. The Innate Immune System Is By The Host Or If They Are Received From Another Source; These Two Types Of Acquired
a. The Most Ancient Form Of Host Defense. Immunity Are Called Active Immunity And Passive Immunity, Respectively.
b. Divided Into Two Components, Each With A Different Function.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
c. Mediated By Germline-Encoded Receptors.
d. Both A And C. 23. A Child Who Contracts A Contagious Disease From An Older Sibling Could Develop A
ANSWER: D Form Of Immunity Against The Disease Due To The Mechanism Of: a. Natural Active
The Innate Immune System Is An Ancient Form Of Host Defense That Appeared Before The b. Artificial Active
Adaptive Immune System. Some Form Of Innate Immunity Probably Exists In All c. Natural Passive
Multicellular Organisms. Innate Immune Recognition Is Mediated By Germline-Encoded d. Artificial Passive
Receptors, Which Means That The Specificity Of Each Receptor Is Genetically ANSWER: A
Predetermined. Germline-Encoded Receptors Evolved By Natural Selection To Have Defined Active Immunity Can Be Acquired By Natural Exposure In Response To An Infection Or
Specificities For Infectious Microorganisms. Natural Series Of Infections, Or Through Intentional Injection Of An Antigen.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii
20. Mechanisms Of Innate Immunity 24. Preschool Children Who Are Vaccinated Against Specific Microorganisms Would Be
a. Are Activated Immediately After Infection. Expected To Develop A Form Of Immunity Against Those Microorganisms Due To
b. Quickly Begin To Control Multiplication. The Immune Mechanism Of: a. Natural Active
c. Are Organized Around T And B Lymphocytes. b. Artificial Active
d. Both A And B. c. Natural Passive
ANSWER: D d. Artificial Passive
Mechanisms Of Innate Immunity (E.G., Phagocytes) And The Alternate Complement ANSWER: B
Pathways Are Activated Immediately After Infection And Quickly Begin To Control The Vaccination Is An Effective Artificial Method Of Stimulating Antibody Production And
Multiplication Of Infecting Microorganisms. Memory (Acquired Resistance) Without Contracting The Disease.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
Immunology And Serology In Laboratory Medicine, 8th Edition By Mary Louise Turgeon
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine
Chapter 1-27
Chapter 01: Highlights Of The Innate And Adaptive Immune Systems
Multiple Choice
1. The ―Father‖ Of Immunology Is Generally Considered To Be
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANSWER: B
Louis Pasteur Is Generally Considered To Be The ―Father Of Immunology.‖
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
2. An Early Form Of Immunization Was Practiced By The
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans.
ANSWER: C
Beginning About 1000 Ad, The Chinese Practiced A Form Of Immunization By Inhaling
Dried Powders Derived From The Crusts Of Smallpox Lesions.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
3. A Specific Function Of The Immune System Is To
a. Recognize Self From Nonself.
b. Defend The Body Against Nonself.
c. Amplify Specific Functions.
d. Both A And B.
ANSWER: D
The Function Of The Immune System Is To Recognize Self From Nonself And Defend The
Body Against Nonself. Such A System Is Necessary For Survival. The Immune System Also
Has Nonspecific Effector Mechanisms That Usually Amplify The Specific Functions.
Nonspecific Components Of The Immune System Include Mononuclear Phagocytes,
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes, And Soluble Factors (E.G., Complement).
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
,4. An Undesirable Consequence Of Immunity Is d. Bone Marrow, Liver-Spleen, Yolk Sac.
a. Natural Resistance. ANSWER: A
b. Acquired Resistance To Infectious Diseases. The First Blood Cells Are Primitive Red Blood Cells (Erythroblasts; Rbcs) Formed In The
c. An Autoimmune Disorder. Islets Of The Yolk Sac During The First 2 To 8 Weeks Of Life. Gradually, The Liver And
d. Recovery From Infectious Disease. Spleen Replace The Yolk Sac As The Sites Of Blood Cell Development. By The Second
ANSWER: C Month Of Gestation, The Liver Becomes The Major Site Of Hematopoiesis, And Granular
The Desirable Consequences Of Immunity Include Natural Resistance, Recovery, And Types Of Leukocytes Have Made Their Initial Appearance. The Liver And Spleen
Acquired Resistance To Infectious Diseases. A Deficiency Or Dysfunction Of The Immune Predominate From About 2 To 5 Months Of Fetal Life. In The Fourth Month Of Gestation,
System Can Cause Many Disorders. Undesirable Consequences Of Immunity Include Bone Marrow Begins To Produce Blood Cells. After The Fifth Fetal Month, Bone Marrow
Allergy, Rejection Of A Transplanted Organ, Or An Autoimmune Disorder. Begins To Assume Its Ultimate Role As The Primary Site Of Hematopoiesis.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii
5. The Immune System Has Various Distinctive Characteristics Except; a. 8. The Primary Function Of Mature Neutrophils Is
Specificity. a. To Reduce Inflammation.
b. Memory. b. To Lyse Parasites In The Circulatory System.
c. Mobility. c. Antigen Recognition.
d. Noncooperation Among Different Cells. d. Phagocytosis.
ANSWER: D ANSWER: D
The Immune System Is Composed Of A Large, Complex Set Of Widely Distributed Various Phagocytic Cells Continually Circulate Throughout The Blood, Lymph,
Elements, Gastrointestinal System, And Respiratory Tract. When Trauma Occurs, The Neutrophils
With The Distinctive Characteristics Of Specificity, Memory, Mobility, Replicability, And Arrive At The Site Of Injury And Can Be Found In The Initial Exudate In Less Than 1 Hour.
Cooperation Among Different Cells Or Cellular Products. Specificity And Memory Are Monocytes Are Slower In Moving To The Inflammatory Site. Macrophages Resident In The
Characteristics Of Lymphocytes In The Immune System. Nonspecific Elements Of The Tissues Of The Body Are Already In Place To Deal With An Intruding Agent. Additional
Immune System Demonstrate Mobility. In Addition, Specific And Nonspecific Cellular Macrophages From The Bone Marrow And Other Tissues Can Be Released In Severe
Components Of The Immune System Can Replicate. Cooperation Is Required For Optimal Infections.
Functioning, And Interaction Involves Specific Cellular Elements, Cell Products, And
Nonlymphoid Elements. DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I 9. Primary Granules, Or Azurophilic Granules, In Neutrophils Contain
a. Lysozyme.
6. Hematopoiesis Occurs In The Yolk Sac During The b. Myeloperoxidase.
a. Immediate Hours After Conception c. Lactoferrin.
b. Second Month Of Gestation. d. Both A And B.
c. Second Trimester Of Gestation.
ANSWER: D
d. Periods Of Severe Anemia In Children.
Granules In The Phagocyte Cytosol Contain Degradatory Enzymes Of Three Types
ANSWER: A 1. Primary, Or Azurophilic, Granules Containing Enzymes (E.G., Lysozyme,
The Sites Of Blood Cell Development, Or Hematopoiesis, Follow A Definite Sequence In Myeloperoxidase)
The Embryo And Fetus. Hematopoiesis Occurs In The Yolk Sac During The Second Month 2. Secondary, Or Specific, Granules Containing Substances Such As Lactoferrin.
Of Gestation. 3. Tertiary Granules Containing Substances Such As Caspases
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
7. The Sequence Of Blood Cell Development In The Embryo And Fetus Is 10. The Origin Of A Condition When Eosinophils Are Increased In The Circulating Blood Is
a. Yolk Sac, Liver-Spleen, Bone Marrow. Associated With: a. Fungus
b. Yolk Sac, Bone Marrow, Liver/Spleen. b. Parasitic Amoeba
c. Liver-Spleen, Yolk Sac, Bone Marrow. c. Allergic Reactions
, d. Bacteria Antigens As Part Of The Immune Response. Macrophages Are Believed To Process Antigens
And Physically Present This Biochemically Modified And More Reactive Form Of Antigen
ANSWER: C
To Lymphocytes (Particularly T Helper Cells) As An Initial Step In The Immune Response.
An Increase In Eosinophils Is Associated With A Wide Variety Of Conditions, But
Especially With Allergic Reactions, Drug Reactions, Certain Skin Disorders, Parasitic DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii
Infestations, Collagen Vascular Diseases, Hodgkin Disease, And Myeloproliferative Diseases.
14. Cell-Mediated Immunity Is Moderated By
A Functional Property Related To The Membrane Receptors Of The Eosinophil Is The Cell’s
a. B Lymphocytes.
Ability To Interact With The Larval Stages Of Some Helminth Parasites And Damage Them
b. T Lymphocytes.
By Oxidative Mechanisms. Certain Proteins Released From Eosinophilic Granules Damage
c. Monocytes-Macrophages.
Antibody-Coated Schistosoma Parasites And May Account For Damage To Endothelial Cells
d. Both B And C.
In Hypereosinophilic Syndromes.
ANSWER: D
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I Cell-Mediated Immunity Is Moderated By The Link Between T Lymphocytes And
Phagocytic Cells (I.E., Monocytes-Macrophages).
11. A Basophil Degranulates In A(N)
a. Inflammatory Reaction. DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
b. Immediate (Acute) Hypersensitivity Reaction.
c. Chronic Tissue Rejection. 15. B Lymphocytes Respond To
d. Both A And B. a. Antigens Presented On The Surface Of An Antigen-Presenting Cell.
b. Antigens On Microorganisms Or Other Living Cells.
ANSWER: B
c. Native Antigenic Determinants Of Appropriate Fit.
Basophils Have High Concentrations Of Heparin And Histamine In Their Granules. If Events
d. Antigens Floating In Body Fluids.
Are Triggered By Antigens From Pollen, Food, Drugs, Or Insect Venom, The Result Is An
Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction. ANSWER: C
The B Type Of Lymphocyte Can Probably Respond To A Native Antigenic Determinant Of
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii The Appropriate ―Fit.‖
12. Mononuclear Cells Are Effective Phagocytic Cells Against DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
a. Staphylococci.
b. Streptococci. 16. T Lymphocytes Respond To
c. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. a. Antigens Presented On The Surface Of An Antigen-Presenting Cell.
d. Pneumonia. b. Antigens On Microorganisms Or Other Living Cells.
c. Native Antigenic Determinants Of Appropriate Fit.
ANSWER: C
d. Antigens Floating In Body Fluids.
Mononuclear Cells Are Particularly Effective As Phagocytic Cells Because Of The Large
Amounts Of Lipase In Their Cytoplasm. Lipase Is Able To Attack Bacteria With A Lipid ANSWER: A
Capsule, Such As Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. The T Type Of Lymphocyte Responds To Antigens Presented By Other Cells In The Context
Of Major Histocompatibility Complex (Mhc) Proteins.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
13. Macrophages
a. Process Antigens. 17. Cytokines
b. Physically Present Biologically Modified Antigens To Lymphocytes. a. Are Produced By Various Cells Of The Immune System Including Lymphocytes,
c. Secrete A Lymphocyte-Activating Factor (Il-1) As A Result Of Proper Mhc Recognition. Monocytes, Macrophages.
d. All Of The Above. b. Act On Various Elements Of The Immune System.
c. Are Molecular Structures.
ANSWER: D
d. All Of The Above.
The Phagocytic Property Of The Macrophage Is Particularly Important In The Processing Of
ANSWER: D
Lymphocytes Are Immunologically Active Through Various Types Of Direct Cell-To-Cell
, Contact And By The Production Of Soluble Factors. Nonspecific Soluble Factors Are Made 21. A Specific Component Of The Adaptive Immune System Formed In Response To
By, Or Act On, Various Elements Of The Immune System. These Molecules Are Collectively Antigenic Stimulation Is a. Complement.
Called Cytokines. b. Immunoglobulin.
c. Increased Secretion Of Mucus.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I d. Enhanced Phagocytosis.
18. Another Name For Toll-Like Receptors Is ANSWER: B
a. Genome. If Specific Antibodies Have Been Formed To Antigenic Stimulation, They Are Available To
b. Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (Pamps). Protect The Body Against Foreign Substances. The Recognition Of Foreign Substances And
c. Pattern-Recognition Receptors. Subsequent Production Of Antibodies To These Substances Defines Immunity.
d. Complement.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
ANSWER: C
The Number Of Genes Encoded In An Organism Is Called Its Genome. The Innate Immune 22. Acquired Immunity Can Result From
Response May Not Be Able To Recognize Every Possible Antigen, But Rather May Focus On a. Vaccination By Injection Of An Antigen.
A Few Large Groups Of Microorganisms, Called Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns b. Contracting A Disease.
(Pamps). The Receptors Of The Innate Immune System That Recognize These Pamps Are c. Genetic Inheritance.
Called Pattern Recognition Receptors (E.G., Toll-Like Receptors). d. Both A And B.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I ANSWER: D
Antibody-Mediated Immunity To Infection Can Be Acquired If The Antibodies Are Formed
19. The Innate Immune System Is By The Host Or If They Are Received From Another Source; These Two Types Of Acquired
a. The Most Ancient Form Of Host Defense. Immunity Are Called Active Immunity And Passive Immunity, Respectively.
b. Divided Into Two Components, Each With A Different Function.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
c. Mediated By Germline-Encoded Receptors.
d. Both A And C. 23. A Child Who Contracts A Contagious Disease From An Older Sibling Could Develop A
ANSWER: D Form Of Immunity Against The Disease Due To The Mechanism Of: a. Natural Active
The Innate Immune System Is An Ancient Form Of Host Defense That Appeared Before The b. Artificial Active
Adaptive Immune System. Some Form Of Innate Immunity Probably Exists In All c. Natural Passive
Multicellular Organisms. Innate Immune Recognition Is Mediated By Germline-Encoded d. Artificial Passive
Receptors, Which Means That The Specificity Of Each Receptor Is Genetically ANSWER: A
Predetermined. Germline-Encoded Receptors Evolved By Natural Selection To Have Defined Active Immunity Can Be Acquired By Natural Exposure In Response To An Infection Or
Specificities For Infectious Microorganisms. Natural Series Of Infections, Or Through Intentional Injection Of An Antigen.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii
20. Mechanisms Of Innate Immunity 24. Preschool Children Who Are Vaccinated Against Specific Microorganisms Would Be
a. Are Activated Immediately After Infection. Expected To Develop A Form Of Immunity Against Those Microorganisms Due To
b. Quickly Begin To Control Multiplication. The Immune Mechanism Of: a. Natural Active
c. Are Organized Around T And B Lymphocytes. b. Artificial Active
d. Both A And B. c. Natural Passive
ANSWER: D d. Artificial Passive
Mechanisms Of Innate Immunity (E.G., Phagocytes) And The Alternate Complement ANSWER: B
Pathways Are Activated Immediately After Infection And Quickly Begin To Control The Vaccination Is An Effective Artificial Method Of Stimulating Antibody Production And
Multiplication Of Infecting Microorganisms. Memory (Acquired Resistance) Without Contracting The Disease.
DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: Ii DIFFICULTY: COGNITIVE LEVEL: I
