BCBA exam questions with correct answers |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Jesse's teacher says that he keeps acting out in class. The
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
teacher approaches the behavior analyst and explains that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Jesse's behavior is likely the result of his diet, that he eats way
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
too much sugar and processed foods, causing problem behaviors.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
As a behavior analyst, which attitude of science must be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
considered in this scenario? |\ |\ |\
A)Parsimony.B)Philosophic doubt.C)Empiricism.D)Determinism - |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A. Parsimony means that the simplest,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
most logical explanations must be ruled out before more complex
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
explanations are considered. In this example, the teacher should
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
rule out other variables that could be responsible for the problem
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
behavior before making the assumption that something more
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
complex is responsible for controlling the behavior. "Philosophic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
doubt" is continually questioning the truthfulness of scientific
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
knowledge. "Determinism" is the assumption that the universe is|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
lawful and orderly. "Empiricism" is the objective observation of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the phenomena of interest.
|\ |\ |\
Louis is designing an intervention for his client. He makes sure
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that the techniques making up the intervention are completely
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
identified and described, so that other ABA practitioners may
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
replicate his intervention. Which dimension of behavior analysis
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(according to Baer, Wolf, & Risley, 1968) is described in this
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
scenario? A)GeneralityB)EffectiveC)BehavioralD)Technological -
|\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D. The technological dimension of ABA
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
means that the techniques making up a particular behavioral
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
application are completely identified and described. This means
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that behavior analysts should write their interventions clearly and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, concisely so that other ABA practitioners can replicate their
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
intervention.
This approach to psychology restricts the science of psychology
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
to only those independent and dependent variables that two
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
independent people can directly observe: |\ |\ |\ |\
A)Radical Behaviorism B)Experimental Analysis of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
BehaviorC)Applied Behavior AnalysisD)Methodological |\ |\ |\
Behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D. Methodological |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
behaviorism is the approach to psychology restricts the science
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of psychology to only those independent and dependent
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
variables that two independent people can directly observe.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Radical behaviorism is incorrect because it includes thoughts and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
feelings (methodological behaviorism does not). Applied
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
behavior analysis is the science in which tactics derived from the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
principles of behavior are systematically to improve socially
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
variables responsible for behavior change. Experimental analysis
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of behavior focuses on analyzing the basic principles that explain
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
behavior.
|\
This philosophical assumption of science states that scientific
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
knowledge is built on the practice of objective observation of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
phenomena of interest: |\ |\
A)Parsimony.B)Empiricism.C)Selectionism.D)Determinism. - |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔B. Empiricism means that we observe
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
behaviors objectively and do not make any assumptions about
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
why the behavior is occurring. "Determinism" is incorrect
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
because it is the general assumption that the entire universe is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
orderly and that all phenomena occur as the result of some other
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
event. "Parsimony" is using the simplest and most logical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
explanations to explain why a behavior is occurring. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,"Selectionism" is incorrect because it is the philosophical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
assumption that all behavior, in all living organisms, is the result
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of an interaction with the environment.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which explanation of behavior would most likely be made by a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
radical behavior analyst? |\ |\
A)Jimmy gets frustrated when the other children don't play with
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
him.B)Jimmy runs around the classroom because he eats too |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
much sugar at breakfast time. C)Jimmy enjoys reading over math
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
because he engages in fewer problem behaviors during reading
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
time. D)Jimmy's environment does not provide enough
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reinforcement and he engages in the problem behavior to receive |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
attention. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D. This is the most correct
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
choice for the explanation of behavior from the perspective of a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
radical behavior analyst. |\ |\
Jerry is a behavior analyst who is a veteran in the field of ABA.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
He has been using a procedure to teach his clients how to wash
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
their hands for the past 20 years. Mallory is a recently certified
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
behavior analyst who discovered a more beneficial way to teach
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
clients how to wash their hands. Even though Jerry has been
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
using the same method to teach hand washing for the past 20
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
years, he starts using Mallory's strategy instead because the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
data show it is more effective. What attitude of science does this
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
describe?
A)DeterminismB)ParsimonyC)EmpiricismD)Philosophic doubt - |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D. Philosophic doubt means that |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
scientists are willing to set aside their beliefs and strategies
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
when an experiment scientifically proves that a better strategy is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
available. "Determinism" is incorrect since this refers to the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
belief that behavior is lawful and will remain unchanged if
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
nothing in the environment changes. "Parsimony" is incorrect
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, since this means that scientists explain phenomena with the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
easiest explanation available. "Empiricism" is incorrect since this
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
refers to the idea that scientists should remain unbiased and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
objective during experiments. |\ |\
Which explanation of behavior would a behavior analyst most
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
likely use to describe why a student is physically aggressive
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
towards his teacher? |\ |\
A)"He hits his teacher because he likes getting out of math
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
assignments."B)"He hits his teacher because in the past it has |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
resulted in him not having to complete his math
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
assignment."C)"He hits his teacher because he is diagnosed with |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dyslexia which makes math more difficult for him compared to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
his typically-developing peers."D)"He hits his teacher because he
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
knows he will get out of having to do his math assignment." -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔B. This is the least mentalistic of all the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
answer choices. "He knows" and "He likes" are mentalistic terms.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Blaming it on an inner-identity or diagnosis involves circular
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reasoning and is mentalistic. |\ |\ |\
A behavior analyst is writing a treatment program for a client to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
learn how to use a city bus route. This particular client, however,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
lives in a rural area with limited access to the city busses. Which
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dimension of applied behavior analysis did the analyst fail to |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
consider?
A)AppliedB)GeneralityC)Technological D)Conceptual Systems - |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A. Because this client lives in a rural area
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with limited access to the city bus route, teaching the client to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ride the bus will have little impact on their life. The "Effective"
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dimension of ABA means that procedures developed by behavior |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
analysts must aim to cause a meaningful effect in the client's
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
life.
Jesse's teacher says that he keeps acting out in class. The
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
teacher approaches the behavior analyst and explains that
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Jesse's behavior is likely the result of his diet, that he eats way
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
too much sugar and processed foods, causing problem behaviors.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
As a behavior analyst, which attitude of science must be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
considered in this scenario? |\ |\ |\
A)Parsimony.B)Philosophic doubt.C)Empiricism.D)Determinism - |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A. Parsimony means that the simplest,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
most logical explanations must be ruled out before more complex
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
explanations are considered. In this example, the teacher should
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
rule out other variables that could be responsible for the problem
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
behavior before making the assumption that something more
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
complex is responsible for controlling the behavior. "Philosophic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
doubt" is continually questioning the truthfulness of scientific
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
knowledge. "Determinism" is the assumption that the universe is|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
lawful and orderly. "Empiricism" is the objective observation of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the phenomena of interest.
|\ |\ |\
Louis is designing an intervention for his client. He makes sure
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that the techniques making up the intervention are completely
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
identified and described, so that other ABA practitioners may
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
replicate his intervention. Which dimension of behavior analysis
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(according to Baer, Wolf, & Risley, 1968) is described in this
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
scenario? A)GeneralityB)EffectiveC)BehavioralD)Technological -
|\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D. The technological dimension of ABA
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
means that the techniques making up a particular behavioral
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
application are completely identified and described. This means
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that behavior analysts should write their interventions clearly and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, concisely so that other ABA practitioners can replicate their
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
intervention.
This approach to psychology restricts the science of psychology
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
to only those independent and dependent variables that two
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
independent people can directly observe: |\ |\ |\ |\
A)Radical Behaviorism B)Experimental Analysis of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
BehaviorC)Applied Behavior AnalysisD)Methodological |\ |\ |\
Behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D. Methodological |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
behaviorism is the approach to psychology restricts the science
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of psychology to only those independent and dependent
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
variables that two independent people can directly observe.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Radical behaviorism is incorrect because it includes thoughts and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
feelings (methodological behaviorism does not). Applied
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
behavior analysis is the science in which tactics derived from the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
principles of behavior are systematically to improve socially
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
variables responsible for behavior change. Experimental analysis
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of behavior focuses on analyzing the basic principles that explain
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
behavior.
|\
This philosophical assumption of science states that scientific
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
knowledge is built on the practice of objective observation of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
phenomena of interest: |\ |\
A)Parsimony.B)Empiricism.C)Selectionism.D)Determinism. - |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔B. Empiricism means that we observe
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
behaviors objectively and do not make any assumptions about
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
why the behavior is occurring. "Determinism" is incorrect
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
because it is the general assumption that the entire universe is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
orderly and that all phenomena occur as the result of some other
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
event. "Parsimony" is using the simplest and most logical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
explanations to explain why a behavior is occurring. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,"Selectionism" is incorrect because it is the philosophical
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
assumption that all behavior, in all living organisms, is the result
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of an interaction with the environment.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Which explanation of behavior would most likely be made by a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
radical behavior analyst? |\ |\
A)Jimmy gets frustrated when the other children don't play with
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
him.B)Jimmy runs around the classroom because he eats too |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
much sugar at breakfast time. C)Jimmy enjoys reading over math
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
because he engages in fewer problem behaviors during reading
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
time. D)Jimmy's environment does not provide enough
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reinforcement and he engages in the problem behavior to receive |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
attention. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D. This is the most correct
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
choice for the explanation of behavior from the perspective of a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
radical behavior analyst. |\ |\
Jerry is a behavior analyst who is a veteran in the field of ABA.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
He has been using a procedure to teach his clients how to wash
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
their hands for the past 20 years. Mallory is a recently certified
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
behavior analyst who discovered a more beneficial way to teach
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
clients how to wash their hands. Even though Jerry has been
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
using the same method to teach hand washing for the past 20
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
years, he starts using Mallory's strategy instead because the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
data show it is more effective. What attitude of science does this
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
describe?
A)DeterminismB)ParsimonyC)EmpiricismD)Philosophic doubt - |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D. Philosophic doubt means that |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
scientists are willing to set aside their beliefs and strategies
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
when an experiment scientifically proves that a better strategy is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
available. "Determinism" is incorrect since this refers to the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
belief that behavior is lawful and will remain unchanged if
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
nothing in the environment changes. "Parsimony" is incorrect
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, since this means that scientists explain phenomena with the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
easiest explanation available. "Empiricism" is incorrect since this
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
refers to the idea that scientists should remain unbiased and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
objective during experiments. |\ |\
Which explanation of behavior would a behavior analyst most
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
likely use to describe why a student is physically aggressive
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
towards his teacher? |\ |\
A)"He hits his teacher because he likes getting out of math
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
assignments."B)"He hits his teacher because in the past it has |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
resulted in him not having to complete his math
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
assignment."C)"He hits his teacher because he is diagnosed with |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dyslexia which makes math more difficult for him compared to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
his typically-developing peers."D)"He hits his teacher because he
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
knows he will get out of having to do his math assignment." -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔B. This is the least mentalistic of all the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
answer choices. "He knows" and "He likes" are mentalistic terms.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Blaming it on an inner-identity or diagnosis involves circular
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reasoning and is mentalistic. |\ |\ |\
A behavior analyst is writing a treatment program for a client to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
learn how to use a city bus route. This particular client, however,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
lives in a rural area with limited access to the city busses. Which
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dimension of applied behavior analysis did the analyst fail to |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
consider?
A)AppliedB)GeneralityC)Technological D)Conceptual Systems - |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A. Because this client lives in a rural area
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with limited access to the city bus route, teaching the client to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ride the bus will have little impact on their life. The "Effective"
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
dimension of ABA means that procedures developed by behavior |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
analysts must aim to cause a meaningful effect in the client's
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
life.
