Organic chemistry
= will have C, H, O, some N, some F
Exception: CO2
Non-metals = molecules (IMFs involved)
Functional group
= is an atom or group of atoms that form the centre of chemical activity in the molecule.
E.g. C bonded to -O-H = alcohols
C bonded to -Br = alkyl halide
E.g. Ethanol
Hydrocarbon
= is a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
E.g. crude oil (fossil fuels)
Homologous series
= is a series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and same general
formula, in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit.
Example: Alcohols
1. Methanol
Molecular formula: CH4O
Semi structural formula: CH3OH
2. Ethanol
Semi structural formula: CH3CH2OH
, 3. Propan-1-ol
Semi structural formula: CH3CH2CH2OH
General formula: CnH2n+1
Same functional group Homologous series
Differ by a single CH2
Carbon
Element number 6
Symbol: C
p
2 s
1 s
Hybridization
p
2 s
1 s
= tetrahedral in shape
,Prefixes in organic nomenclature (naming)
1 Mono
2 Di
3 Tri
4 Tetra
5 Penta
6 Hexa
7 Hepta
8 Octa
Root names in organic nomenclature (naming)
= tells us how long the longest continuous carbon chain is
1 Meth
2 Eth
3 Prop
4 But
5 Pent
6 Hex
7 Hept
8 Oct
, Alkanes
“Ane”
= hydrocarbons with only Carbon Carbon single bonds
General formula: CnH2n+2
1. Methane
Molecular formula: CH4
Structural formula:
2. Ethane
Molecular formula: C2H6
Semi structural formula: CH3CH3
Structural formula:
3. Propane
Molecular formula: C3H8
Semi structural formula: CH3CH2CH3
Structural formula:
4. Butane
Molecular formula: C4H10
Semi structural formula: CH3CH2CH2CH3
Structural formula:
= will have C, H, O, some N, some F
Exception: CO2
Non-metals = molecules (IMFs involved)
Functional group
= is an atom or group of atoms that form the centre of chemical activity in the molecule.
E.g. C bonded to -O-H = alcohols
C bonded to -Br = alkyl halide
E.g. Ethanol
Hydrocarbon
= is a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
E.g. crude oil (fossil fuels)
Homologous series
= is a series of similar compounds which have the same functional group and same general
formula, in which each member differs from the previous one by a single CH2 unit.
Example: Alcohols
1. Methanol
Molecular formula: CH4O
Semi structural formula: CH3OH
2. Ethanol
Semi structural formula: CH3CH2OH
, 3. Propan-1-ol
Semi structural formula: CH3CH2CH2OH
General formula: CnH2n+1
Same functional group Homologous series
Differ by a single CH2
Carbon
Element number 6
Symbol: C
p
2 s
1 s
Hybridization
p
2 s
1 s
= tetrahedral in shape
,Prefixes in organic nomenclature (naming)
1 Mono
2 Di
3 Tri
4 Tetra
5 Penta
6 Hexa
7 Hepta
8 Octa
Root names in organic nomenclature (naming)
= tells us how long the longest continuous carbon chain is
1 Meth
2 Eth
3 Prop
4 But
5 Pent
6 Hex
7 Hept
8 Oct
, Alkanes
“Ane”
= hydrocarbons with only Carbon Carbon single bonds
General formula: CnH2n+2
1. Methane
Molecular formula: CH4
Structural formula:
2. Ethane
Molecular formula: C2H6
Semi structural formula: CH3CH3
Structural formula:
3. Propane
Molecular formula: C3H8
Semi structural formula: CH3CH2CH3
Structural formula:
4. Butane
Molecular formula: C4H10
Semi structural formula: CH3CH2CH2CH3
Structural formula:
