Bio 1a03 midterm 2 Exam 2026 Questions
and Answers
Human Genome Project - Correct answer-research to decipher the human genome
Two factors that change proteomes - Correct answer-1. organisms developmental
stage
2. external signals
Whats the stimulus when you eat food - Correct answer-high glucose level
whats the process of cells detecting a high blood glucose levels - Correct answer-
pancreas detects the change, insulin is secreted, decrease blood glucose
whats the sensor - Correct answer-pancreas
whast the effector protein - Correct answer-insulin that is created by b-islet cells in
pancreas
whats the process of glucose absorbed into the small intestine - Correct answer-
soem glucose absorbed in mouth, most in microvilli. microvili absorb glucose into
bloodstream, pancreatic cell (b-islet) detect the glucose and secrete insulin
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,Who discovered insulin is made up of 2 chains and how? - Correct answer-Dorothy
Hodgkins using X-ray crystallography
What is the factor regulating insulin synthesis - Correct answer-glucose
metabolism
how long is secreted insulin (think of chains too) and the original protein (AA) -
Correct answer-secreted - 51 (21 alpha, 30 beta)
OG - 110
What level of gene modification is insulin - Correct answer-post-translational
modifications
What's the process of the insulin modifications - Correct answer-1) N-terminal
signal sequence of PreProInsulin is taken out by SRP that brings the protein to ER
lumen
2) Then 3 disulphide bonds are made = ProInsulin
3) brought to golgi to cleave out c-chain = mature insulin
Phosphorylation, methylation and acetylation are all... - Correct answer-post-
transaltional modifications and covalent attachmenets
is phosphorylation reversible? what enzyme is used in thsi process - Correct
answer-reversible, kinases
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, What happens when insulin binds to receptors on target tissues - Correct answer-1)
inactive receptors (monomeric) bind to insulin
2) receptors go through dimerization and act like kinase
3) phosphate groups bind to the receptors
4) cytoplasmically signalling proteins binds to the phosphates
5) the signal proteins signals to glucose transport protein to come to membrane
6) glucose gets absorbed into the cell
what type of feedback loop is the glucose absorption thing - Correct answer-
positive feedback loop because it enhances the signals
can also be negative feedback loop when elements trigger the destruction of signal
proteins
double feedback loop - Correct answer-inhibitor signal is inhibited
what are the two fates of glucose - Correct answer-body cells take up glucose,
muscle & liver turn glucose into glycogen
Why do skeletal muscles absorb glucose better than the liver - Correct answer-
Alternative splicing
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and Answers
Human Genome Project - Correct answer-research to decipher the human genome
Two factors that change proteomes - Correct answer-1. organisms developmental
stage
2. external signals
Whats the stimulus when you eat food - Correct answer-high glucose level
whats the process of cells detecting a high blood glucose levels - Correct answer-
pancreas detects the change, insulin is secreted, decrease blood glucose
whats the sensor - Correct answer-pancreas
whast the effector protein - Correct answer-insulin that is created by b-islet cells in
pancreas
whats the process of glucose absorbed into the small intestine - Correct answer-
soem glucose absorbed in mouth, most in microvilli. microvili absorb glucose into
bloodstream, pancreatic cell (b-islet) detect the glucose and secrete insulin
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 1
,Who discovered insulin is made up of 2 chains and how? - Correct answer-Dorothy
Hodgkins using X-ray crystallography
What is the factor regulating insulin synthesis - Correct answer-glucose
metabolism
how long is secreted insulin (think of chains too) and the original protein (AA) -
Correct answer-secreted - 51 (21 alpha, 30 beta)
OG - 110
What level of gene modification is insulin - Correct answer-post-translational
modifications
What's the process of the insulin modifications - Correct answer-1) N-terminal
signal sequence of PreProInsulin is taken out by SRP that brings the protein to ER
lumen
2) Then 3 disulphide bonds are made = ProInsulin
3) brought to golgi to cleave out c-chain = mature insulin
Phosphorylation, methylation and acetylation are all... - Correct answer-post-
transaltional modifications and covalent attachmenets
is phosphorylation reversible? what enzyme is used in thsi process - Correct
answer-reversible, kinases
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 2
, What happens when insulin binds to receptors on target tissues - Correct answer-1)
inactive receptors (monomeric) bind to insulin
2) receptors go through dimerization and act like kinase
3) phosphate groups bind to the receptors
4) cytoplasmically signalling proteins binds to the phosphates
5) the signal proteins signals to glucose transport protein to come to membrane
6) glucose gets absorbed into the cell
what type of feedback loop is the glucose absorption thing - Correct answer-
positive feedback loop because it enhances the signals
can also be negative feedback loop when elements trigger the destruction of signal
proteins
double feedback loop - Correct answer-inhibitor signal is inhibited
what are the two fates of glucose - Correct answer-body cells take up glucose,
muscle & liver turn glucose into glycogen
Why do skeletal muscles absorb glucose better than the liver - Correct answer-
Alternative splicing
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 3
