NRSG 2350 Module 5 Questions With Complete Solutions
-cytic refers to Correct Answer cell size
A-delta fibers Correct Answer ○ Large, myelinated fibers
○ Impulses travel quickly, "fast pain"
○ Release glutamate at the synapse with the spinal neurons
○ Example: touching a hot iron → sensation will be sent to the
brain very quickly to tell you to move your hand away
ACE inhibitors Correct Answer Antihypertensive. Blocks
ACE in lungs from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II
(powerful vasoconstrictor). Decreases BP, Decreased
Aldosterone secretions, Sodium and fluid loss.
Check BP before giving (hypotension)
*Orthostatic Hypotension
ACh release Correct Answer neurotransmitter—a chemical
message released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells,
such as neurons, muscle cells and gland cells.
Adrenergic Correct Answer Pertaining to nerves that release
the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, or noradrenaline (such as
adrenergic nerves, adrenergic response). The term also pertains
to the receptors acted on by norepinephrine, that is, the
adrenergic receptors.
,Adrenergic Agonists Correct Answer Drugs that stimulate and
mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system. Also
called sympathomimetics.
Adrenergic Agonists Correct Answer Sympathomimetic →
drugs that stimulate/mimic the actions of the SNS
Have broad therapeutic use depending on:
○ Site of action
○ Effect of adrenergic receptors
● Usually indicated for shock or bronchospasm
Adrenergic Agonists: Adverse Effects Correct Answer ● CNS
○ Headache, restlessness, insomnia, euphoria
● Cardiovascular
○ Palpitations, tachycardia arrhythmias, vasoconstriction,
hypertension
○ Loss of appetite, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, urinary
retention
adverse effects of iron therapy Correct Answer anorexia
constipation
dark stools
adverse effects of thrombolytic drugs Correct Answer ask
about recent invasive procedures
After seizure care Correct Answer ○ Check pupils after
seizure
○ Monitor for cyanosis immediately after
○ Monitor for incontinence
,All Narcotic Analgesics Correct Answer Side Effects:
● Respiratory depression
● Decreased GI motility/constipation
● Urinary retention
● Orthostatic hypotension
● Sedation
Alpha 1 Correct Answer vasoconstriction
Alpha 1: Adrenergic Agonists Correct Answer ● Binds to
alpha 1 receptors
● Alpha 1 receptor stimulation:
○ Vasoconstriction of blood vessels
○ Vasopressor effect
● Nasal decongestant
● Contraction of GU sphincters to reduce u/o
● Dilate pupils - due to constriction of eye muscles
● *Phenylephrine* (Neo-Synephrine)
○ Produces vasoconstriction
○ Used to treat shock
○ Used in cold and allergy products
alpha 2 Correct Answer inhibit neurotransmitter release
Alpha and Beta: Adrenergic Agonists Correct Answer ●
**Dopamine** (Intropin) - drug of choice for treating shock
○ Both beta 1 and alpha 1 receptor activity
○ Increases HR, contractility, and BP
○ Increases blood flow to kidney
● Contraindications:
, ○ Pheochromocytoma (tumor in kidney that can cause an
increase in blood pressure); tachy arrhythmias (because
dopamine will increase HR)
● Cautions:
○ PAD, TCAs & MAOIs, HTN
○ Watch for extravasation
● **Epinephrine** (Adrenaline)
○ Stimulates alpha 1 and beta 1 & 2 receptors
○ Drug of choice for:
■ Bronchospasm
■ Laryngeal edema
■ Allergic reaction
○ Effects Bronchodilator
■ Cardiac stimulant, peripheral constrictor
■ Increases force of contraction and heart rate
○ IV, SQ, or inhaled-short acting
Alpha receptors Correct Answer Alpha 1
● Found in blood vessels, iris, bladder
● Cause vasoconstriction → increased BP
● Dilates pupils
● Increased closure of internal sphincter (urethra)
Alpha 2
● Located on nerve membranes
● Control the release of NE
● Decrease in SNS activity
● Decreased BP and HR
-cytic refers to Correct Answer cell size
A-delta fibers Correct Answer ○ Large, myelinated fibers
○ Impulses travel quickly, "fast pain"
○ Release glutamate at the synapse with the spinal neurons
○ Example: touching a hot iron → sensation will be sent to the
brain very quickly to tell you to move your hand away
ACE inhibitors Correct Answer Antihypertensive. Blocks
ACE in lungs from converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II
(powerful vasoconstrictor). Decreases BP, Decreased
Aldosterone secretions, Sodium and fluid loss.
Check BP before giving (hypotension)
*Orthostatic Hypotension
ACh release Correct Answer neurotransmitter—a chemical
message released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells,
such as neurons, muscle cells and gland cells.
Adrenergic Correct Answer Pertaining to nerves that release
the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, or noradrenaline (such as
adrenergic nerves, adrenergic response). The term also pertains
to the receptors acted on by norepinephrine, that is, the
adrenergic receptors.
,Adrenergic Agonists Correct Answer Drugs that stimulate and
mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous system. Also
called sympathomimetics.
Adrenergic Agonists Correct Answer Sympathomimetic →
drugs that stimulate/mimic the actions of the SNS
Have broad therapeutic use depending on:
○ Site of action
○ Effect of adrenergic receptors
● Usually indicated for shock or bronchospasm
Adrenergic Agonists: Adverse Effects Correct Answer ● CNS
○ Headache, restlessness, insomnia, euphoria
● Cardiovascular
○ Palpitations, tachycardia arrhythmias, vasoconstriction,
hypertension
○ Loss of appetite, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, urinary
retention
adverse effects of iron therapy Correct Answer anorexia
constipation
dark stools
adverse effects of thrombolytic drugs Correct Answer ask
about recent invasive procedures
After seizure care Correct Answer ○ Check pupils after
seizure
○ Monitor for cyanosis immediately after
○ Monitor for incontinence
,All Narcotic Analgesics Correct Answer Side Effects:
● Respiratory depression
● Decreased GI motility/constipation
● Urinary retention
● Orthostatic hypotension
● Sedation
Alpha 1 Correct Answer vasoconstriction
Alpha 1: Adrenergic Agonists Correct Answer ● Binds to
alpha 1 receptors
● Alpha 1 receptor stimulation:
○ Vasoconstriction of blood vessels
○ Vasopressor effect
● Nasal decongestant
● Contraction of GU sphincters to reduce u/o
● Dilate pupils - due to constriction of eye muscles
● *Phenylephrine* (Neo-Synephrine)
○ Produces vasoconstriction
○ Used to treat shock
○ Used in cold and allergy products
alpha 2 Correct Answer inhibit neurotransmitter release
Alpha and Beta: Adrenergic Agonists Correct Answer ●
**Dopamine** (Intropin) - drug of choice for treating shock
○ Both beta 1 and alpha 1 receptor activity
○ Increases HR, contractility, and BP
○ Increases blood flow to kidney
● Contraindications:
, ○ Pheochromocytoma (tumor in kidney that can cause an
increase in blood pressure); tachy arrhythmias (because
dopamine will increase HR)
● Cautions:
○ PAD, TCAs & MAOIs, HTN
○ Watch for extravasation
● **Epinephrine** (Adrenaline)
○ Stimulates alpha 1 and beta 1 & 2 receptors
○ Drug of choice for:
■ Bronchospasm
■ Laryngeal edema
■ Allergic reaction
○ Effects Bronchodilator
■ Cardiac stimulant, peripheral constrictor
■ Increases force of contraction and heart rate
○ IV, SQ, or inhaled-short acting
Alpha receptors Correct Answer Alpha 1
● Found in blood vessels, iris, bladder
● Cause vasoconstriction → increased BP
● Dilates pupils
● Increased closure of internal sphincter (urethra)
Alpha 2
● Located on nerve membranes
● Control the release of NE
● Decrease in SNS activity
● Decreased BP and HR
