WGU- Educational Assessment Q&A
with Complete, Verified and Correct
Answers
Absolute Grading Correct Answer- A common type is the use of letter grades defined by a 100-
point system. In the case of an individual test, this 100-point system might represent the
percentage of items correct or the total number of points earned on the test. When used as a
final grade, it typically represents a combining of scores from various tests and other
assessment results.
Strengths
1. Grades can be described directly in terms of student performance, without reference to the
performance of others.
2. All students can obtain high grades if mastery outcomes are stressed and instruction is
effective.
Limitations
1. Performance standards are set in an arbitrary manner and are difficult to specify and justify.
2. Performance standards tend to vary unintentionally due to variations in test difficulty,
assignments, student ability, and instructional effectiveness.
3. Grades can be assigned without clear reference to what has been achieved (but, of course,
they should not be).
Accommodations Commonly Used for Students with Disabilities. Correct Answer- Presentation
accommodations allow a student with a disability to access information in ways other than
standard visual or auditory means (e.g., by reading or listening).
Response accommodations allow students with disabilities to complete instructional
assignments or assessments through ways other than typical verbal or written responses.
Setting accommodations allow for a change in the environment or in how the environment is
structured.
Timing and scheduling accommodations allow students extra time to complete an activity or a
test
,Accommodations Correct Answer- Do not change the expectations for learning
Do not reduce the requirements of the task
Achievement Assessment Correct Answer- achievement assessment is a broad category that
includes all of the various methods for determining the extent to which students are achieving
the intended learning outcomes of instruction
Alternative Assessments Correct Answer- A title for performance assessments that emphasizes
that these assessment methods provide an alternative to traditional paper-and-pencil testing.
Analytic Scoring Correct Answer- The assignment of scores to individual components of a
performance or product. Provides diagnostic information useful for improving performance.
*grades specific criteria.
Arranging Items on a Test Correct Answer- 1. For instructional purposes, it is usually desirable
to group together items that measure the same outcome.
-Each group of items can then be identified by an appropriate heading (e.g., knowledge,
understanding, application).
-The inclusion of the headings helps to identify the areas where students are having difficulty
and to plan for remedial action.
2. Where possible, all items of the same type should be grouped together.
-This arrangement makes it possible to provide only one set of directions for each item type. It
also simplifies the scoring and the analysis of the results.
3. The items should be arranged in terms of increasing difficulty.
-This arrangement has motivational effects on students and will prevent them from getting
"bogged down" by difficult items early in the test.
Assessment is most effective when Correct Answer- 1. Designed to assess a clearly defined set
of intended learning outcomes.
2. The nature and function of the assessments are congruent with the outcomes to be assessed.
, 3. The assessments are designed to fit the relevant student characteristics and are fair to
everyone.
4. Assessments provide information that is meaningful, dependable, and relevant.
5. Provision is made for giving the students early feedback of assessment results.
6. Specific learning weaknesses are revealed by the assessment results.
7. Assessment results provide information useful for evaluating the appropriateness of the
objectives, the methods, and the materials of instruction.
Assigning Grades Correct Answer- Achievement:(i.e., how the student is performing in relation
to expected grade-level goals)
Growth: (i.e., the amount of individual improvement over time)
Habits: (e.g., participation, behavior, effort, attendance)
Authentic Assessments Correct Answer- A title for performance assessments that stresses the
importance of focusing on the application of understandings and skills to real problems in real-
world; contextual settings.
Benchmark Correct Answer- Statements that follow a standard and clarify in broad terms what
the standard means.
Bias in Tests and Testing Correct Answer- refers to construct-irrelevant components that result
in systematically lower or higher scores for identifiable groups of examinees.
the presence of some characteristic of an item and/or test that results in two individuals of the
same ability but from different subgroups performing differently on the item and/or test.
Therefore, it is most important that there are no ambiguities in the test items (questions and
responses), passages, prompts, stimulus materials, artwork, graphs, charts, and test-related
ancillaries.
with Complete, Verified and Correct
Answers
Absolute Grading Correct Answer- A common type is the use of letter grades defined by a 100-
point system. In the case of an individual test, this 100-point system might represent the
percentage of items correct or the total number of points earned on the test. When used as a
final grade, it typically represents a combining of scores from various tests and other
assessment results.
Strengths
1. Grades can be described directly in terms of student performance, without reference to the
performance of others.
2. All students can obtain high grades if mastery outcomes are stressed and instruction is
effective.
Limitations
1. Performance standards are set in an arbitrary manner and are difficult to specify and justify.
2. Performance standards tend to vary unintentionally due to variations in test difficulty,
assignments, student ability, and instructional effectiveness.
3. Grades can be assigned without clear reference to what has been achieved (but, of course,
they should not be).
Accommodations Commonly Used for Students with Disabilities. Correct Answer- Presentation
accommodations allow a student with a disability to access information in ways other than
standard visual or auditory means (e.g., by reading or listening).
Response accommodations allow students with disabilities to complete instructional
assignments or assessments through ways other than typical verbal or written responses.
Setting accommodations allow for a change in the environment or in how the environment is
structured.
Timing and scheduling accommodations allow students extra time to complete an activity or a
test
,Accommodations Correct Answer- Do not change the expectations for learning
Do not reduce the requirements of the task
Achievement Assessment Correct Answer- achievement assessment is a broad category that
includes all of the various methods for determining the extent to which students are achieving
the intended learning outcomes of instruction
Alternative Assessments Correct Answer- A title for performance assessments that emphasizes
that these assessment methods provide an alternative to traditional paper-and-pencil testing.
Analytic Scoring Correct Answer- The assignment of scores to individual components of a
performance or product. Provides diagnostic information useful for improving performance.
*grades specific criteria.
Arranging Items on a Test Correct Answer- 1. For instructional purposes, it is usually desirable
to group together items that measure the same outcome.
-Each group of items can then be identified by an appropriate heading (e.g., knowledge,
understanding, application).
-The inclusion of the headings helps to identify the areas where students are having difficulty
and to plan for remedial action.
2. Where possible, all items of the same type should be grouped together.
-This arrangement makes it possible to provide only one set of directions for each item type. It
also simplifies the scoring and the analysis of the results.
3. The items should be arranged in terms of increasing difficulty.
-This arrangement has motivational effects on students and will prevent them from getting
"bogged down" by difficult items early in the test.
Assessment is most effective when Correct Answer- 1. Designed to assess a clearly defined set
of intended learning outcomes.
2. The nature and function of the assessments are congruent with the outcomes to be assessed.
, 3. The assessments are designed to fit the relevant student characteristics and are fair to
everyone.
4. Assessments provide information that is meaningful, dependable, and relevant.
5. Provision is made for giving the students early feedback of assessment results.
6. Specific learning weaknesses are revealed by the assessment results.
7. Assessment results provide information useful for evaluating the appropriateness of the
objectives, the methods, and the materials of instruction.
Assigning Grades Correct Answer- Achievement:(i.e., how the student is performing in relation
to expected grade-level goals)
Growth: (i.e., the amount of individual improvement over time)
Habits: (e.g., participation, behavior, effort, attendance)
Authentic Assessments Correct Answer- A title for performance assessments that stresses the
importance of focusing on the application of understandings and skills to real problems in real-
world; contextual settings.
Benchmark Correct Answer- Statements that follow a standard and clarify in broad terms what
the standard means.
Bias in Tests and Testing Correct Answer- refers to construct-irrelevant components that result
in systematically lower or higher scores for identifiable groups of examinees.
the presence of some characteristic of an item and/or test that results in two individuals of the
same ability but from different subgroups performing differently on the item and/or test.
Therefore, it is most important that there are no ambiguities in the test items (questions and
responses), passages, prompts, stimulus materials, artwork, graphs, charts, and test-related
ancillaries.
