1-
Chapter1:AnInvisibleWorld
*=Correctanswer v
MultipleChoice
e
1. Whichofthefollowingistrueofthemicrobialworld?
A. Allmicrobesareharmful.
B. Humanscouldsurvivewithoutmicrobes.
C. Manymicrobesarehelpful.*
D. Mostmicrobesarepathogenic.
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:23,24
e
2. Whichofthefollowingiswhenhumansfirstsuspectedtheexistenceof microbes?
e
A. duringtheIndustrial Revolution
e
B. inprehistorictimes*
C. inthelastcentury
D. withinthelast500years
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:23
e
3. Whichindividualfirstobservedunicellularorganisms,whichhecalled
“animalcules,”usingamicroscopehedeveloped?
e
A. RobertKoch V
B. LouisPasteur
C. Thucydides
D. AntonievanLeeuwenhoek*
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:6
e
4. ToreducetheriskofopenflamefromBunsenburners,microbiologistsare
increasinglyusingwhichofthefollowingdevicesforeasy,rapid
e
benchtopsterilizationofsmallpiecesofequipment?
e
A. autoclaves
B. ethyleneoxide
C. incubators
D. microincinerators*
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:36
e
,5. TheSwedishbotanistknownforhavingdevelopedanimportantbiological
classificationsystemiswhichofthefollowing people?
e b e
A. ErnstHaeckel V
B. CarolusLinnaeus*
C. LouisPasteur
D. RobertWhittaker
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
e
6. WhichkingdomwastheonlyonefoundinEmpire Prokaryota? e
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Monera*
D. Protista
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
e
7. Whicharethet hreecurrentlyaccepteddomains?
b e
A. Archaea,Bacteria,andEukarya*
B. Archaea,Prokaryota,andEukaryota
C. Bacteria,Fungi,andProtista
D. Bacteria,Prokaryota,andEukarya
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
e
8. Whichtwotaxonomicunitsaretypicallyusedtoidentifyanorganismwhen
usingbinomialnomenclature?
e
A. domainandkingdom
B. genusandfamily
C. genusandspecies* e
D. phylumandclass
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
e
9. Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthe processoffermentation?
e
A. Itcanhelppreservefoods,preventingspoilage.
V
B. Itconvertssugarstoorganicacids,alcohols,and/orgasessuchascarbondioxide.
b
C. Itiscarriedoutexclusivelybyunicellulareukaryotes suchasyeast.*
e e
D. Iti susedtomakefoodssuchascheeseandbread.
V e V
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:11,23,26
e
,10. TheRomansmayhavereducedtheirriskofwaterborne
einfectiousdiseasesbyusingwhichofthefollowing?
A. avarietyofpharmaceutical products e
B. aqueductsandasewersystem*
C. prophylacticantibiotics
D. quarantineofpeoplewithleprosy
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:23
e
11. ForwhichofthefollowingisThucydidesknown?
A. developinganeffectivesewersysteminancientGreece,helpingtoreduc
v
e levelsofdiseaseincities
e
B. observingmicrobes,usingamicroscope,forthefirsttime,evendistinguishing
v
betweenbacteriaandfungi
e
C. proposingthatdiseasewas causedbymicroorganisms e
D. realizingthat peoplewhohadbeeninfectedbytheAthenian
v
eplaguehadimmunitytoreinfection*
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:23,31
e
12. ErnstHaeckelproposedaclassificationsystemconsistingofwhichof
ethefollowingsubgroups?
A. fivekingdoms
B. fourkingdoms*
C. twodomainsandthreekingdoms
D. twodomainsandfivekingdoms
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:N/A
e
13. Virusesnoti ncludedinphylogenetictreesforwhichofthefollowingreasons?
V e
A. Iti stoodifficultt oobservetheircharacteristics.
V e V e b e
B. Theyareacellularandnonliving.*
C. Theydonothaveanygenes,whichpreventsgeneticanalysis.
D. Theylackanucleus. b
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:5
e
14. Whichisthebestdescriptionoftheprimarypurposeofaphylogeny?
A. Phylogeniesshowallthealterativenamesforeachspecies.
B. Phylogeniesshowallthecommonnamesforeachspecies. e
C. Phylogeniesshowevolutionaryrelatednessbetweenorganisms.*
, D. Phylogeniesshowinteractionsbetweenspeciesinasharedhabitat.
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:5
e
15. Currentphylogeneticanalysesinclude whichof thefollowing?
b e e
A. informationfromarangeofsources,includingmorphological,genetic,
eandbiochemicaldata*
B. informationonvisiblesimilaritiesonly
C. informationregardinghowtoclassifyorganismsonthebasis
eofexternalmorphologicalcharacteristicsandvisiblebehaviors
D. variedmorphologicalandstructuralcharacteristics,withpreferenceforleaving
historicalclassificationstopreventconfusion
e V
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:5
e
16. Diatomsareclassifiedwithinwhichofthefollowingdomains?
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Eukarya*
D. Prokaryota
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:N/A
e
17. Horizontalgenetransferinvolveswhichofthefollowing?
A. anytransferofgenesinalaboratorysetting
B. thetransferofgenesfromavirustoabacteriumorviceversa
ebut notanyotherformofgenetransfer
v
C. thetransferofgenesfromoneindividualtoanother,
eincludingfromonespeciestoanother,butnotfromparent
etooffspring*
D. thetransferofgenesfromparentt ooffspring
b e
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:2,4
e
18. Bacteriaaregenerallyidentifiedtospeciesbyusingwhichofthefollowing?
b
A. acombinationofgenetic, biochemical,andmicroscopicapproaches*
e b
B. a combinationofmicroscopicand physiologicalapproaches,butnotgenetics
e e e v
C. primarilycharacteristicssuchasmotilitythatcanbe visualizedusingmicroscopy
e
D. primarilymorphologicalcharacteristicsofindividualcells
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:34,36
e
Chapter1:AnInvisibleWorld
*=Correctanswer v
MultipleChoice
e
1. Whichofthefollowingistrueofthemicrobialworld?
A. Allmicrobesareharmful.
B. Humanscouldsurvivewithoutmicrobes.
C. Manymicrobesarehelpful.*
D. Mostmicrobesarepathogenic.
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:23,24
e
2. Whichofthefollowingiswhenhumansfirstsuspectedtheexistenceof microbes?
e
A. duringtheIndustrial Revolution
e
B. inprehistorictimes*
C. inthelastcentury
D. withinthelast500years
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:23
e
3. Whichindividualfirstobservedunicellularorganisms,whichhecalled
“animalcules,”usingamicroscopehedeveloped?
e
A. RobertKoch V
B. LouisPasteur
C. Thucydides
D. AntonievanLeeuwenhoek*
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:6
e
4. ToreducetheriskofopenflamefromBunsenburners,microbiologistsare
increasinglyusingwhichofthefollowingdevicesforeasy,rapid
e
benchtopsterilizationofsmallpiecesofequipment?
e
A. autoclaves
B. ethyleneoxide
C. incubators
D. microincinerators*
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:36
e
,5. TheSwedishbotanistknownforhavingdevelopedanimportantbiological
classificationsystemiswhichofthefollowing people?
e b e
A. ErnstHaeckel V
B. CarolusLinnaeus*
C. LouisPasteur
D. RobertWhittaker
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
e
6. WhichkingdomwastheonlyonefoundinEmpire Prokaryota? e
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Monera*
D. Protista
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
e
7. Whicharethet hreecurrentlyaccepteddomains?
b e
A. Archaea,Bacteria,andEukarya*
B. Archaea,Prokaryota,andEukaryota
C. Bacteria,Fungi,andProtista
D. Bacteria,Prokaryota,andEukarya
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
e
8. Whichtwotaxonomicunitsaretypicallyusedtoidentifyanorganismwhen
usingbinomialnomenclature?
e
A. domainandkingdom
B. genusandfamily
C. genusandspecies* e
D. phylumandclass
Difficulty:Easy
ASMStandard:N/A
e
9. Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthe processoffermentation?
e
A. Itcanhelppreservefoods,preventingspoilage.
V
B. Itconvertssugarstoorganicacids,alcohols,and/orgasessuchascarbondioxide.
b
C. Itiscarriedoutexclusivelybyunicellulareukaryotes suchasyeast.*
e e
D. Iti susedtomakefoodssuchascheeseandbread.
V e V
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:11,23,26
e
,10. TheRomansmayhavereducedtheirriskofwaterborne
einfectiousdiseasesbyusingwhichofthefollowing?
A. avarietyofpharmaceutical products e
B. aqueductsandasewersystem*
C. prophylacticantibiotics
D. quarantineofpeoplewithleprosy
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:23
e
11. ForwhichofthefollowingisThucydidesknown?
A. developinganeffectivesewersysteminancientGreece,helpingtoreduc
v
e levelsofdiseaseincities
e
B. observingmicrobes,usingamicroscope,forthefirsttime,evendistinguishing
v
betweenbacteriaandfungi
e
C. proposingthatdiseasewas causedbymicroorganisms e
D. realizingthat peoplewhohadbeeninfectedbytheAthenian
v
eplaguehadimmunitytoreinfection*
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:23,31
e
12. ErnstHaeckelproposedaclassificationsystemconsistingofwhichof
ethefollowingsubgroups?
A. fivekingdoms
B. fourkingdoms*
C. twodomainsandthreekingdoms
D. twodomainsandfivekingdoms
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:N/A
e
13. Virusesnoti ncludedinphylogenetictreesforwhichofthefollowingreasons?
V e
A. Iti stoodifficultt oobservetheircharacteristics.
V e V e b e
B. Theyareacellularandnonliving.*
C. Theydonothaveanygenes,whichpreventsgeneticanalysis.
D. Theylackanucleus. b
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:5
e
14. Whichisthebestdescriptionoftheprimarypurposeofaphylogeny?
A. Phylogeniesshowallthealterativenamesforeachspecies.
B. Phylogeniesshowallthecommonnamesforeachspecies. e
C. Phylogeniesshowevolutionaryrelatednessbetweenorganisms.*
, D. Phylogeniesshowinteractionsbetweenspeciesinasharedhabitat.
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:5
e
15. Currentphylogeneticanalysesinclude whichof thefollowing?
b e e
A. informationfromarangeofsources,includingmorphological,genetic,
eandbiochemicaldata*
B. informationonvisiblesimilaritiesonly
C. informationregardinghowtoclassifyorganismsonthebasis
eofexternalmorphologicalcharacteristicsandvisiblebehaviors
D. variedmorphologicalandstructuralcharacteristics,withpreferenceforleaving
historicalclassificationstopreventconfusion
e V
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:5
e
16. Diatomsareclassifiedwithinwhichofthefollowingdomains?
A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Eukarya*
D. Prokaryota
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:N/A
e
17. Horizontalgenetransferinvolveswhichofthefollowing?
A. anytransferofgenesinalaboratorysetting
B. thetransferofgenesfromavirustoabacteriumorviceversa
ebut notanyotherformofgenetransfer
v
C. thetransferofgenesfromoneindividualtoanother,
eincludingfromonespeciestoanother,butnotfromparent
etooffspring*
D. thetransferofgenesfromparentt ooffspring
b e
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:2,4
e
18. Bacteriaaregenerallyidentifiedtospeciesbyusingwhichofthefollowing?
b
A. acombinationofgenetic, biochemical,andmicroscopicapproaches*
e b
B. a combinationofmicroscopicand physiologicalapproaches,butnotgenetics
e e e v
C. primarilycharacteristicssuchasmotilitythatcanbe visualizedusingmicroscopy
e
D. primarilymorphologicalcharacteristicsofindividualcells
Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:34,36
e
