1
Cell and Molecular Biology, Chapter 9
Questions and Correct Answers
Cytoskeleton
Ans✅✅: Network of filamentous structures: microtubules,
microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
Roles of cytoskeleton: 1
Ans✅✅: Serves as a scaffold providing structural support and
maintaining cell shape
Roles of cytoskeleton: 2
Ans✅✅: Serves as an internal framework to organize organelles within
the cell
Roles of cytoskeleton: 3
Ans✅✅: Directs cellular locomotion and the movement of materials
within the cell
Roles of cytoskeleton: 4
Ans✅✅: Provides anchoring site for mRNA
Roles of cytoskeleton: 5
Ans✅✅: Serves as a signal transducer
Roles of cytoskeleton: 6
Ans✅✅: An essential component of the cell's division machinery; make
up the apparatus responsible for separating the chromosomes during
mitosis and meiosis
Pretest - Stuvia US
,2
The use of in vitro single-molecule assays
Ans✅✅: They make possible to detect the activity of an individual
protein molecule in real time; can be supplemented with atomic force
microscopy to measure the mechanical properties of cytoskeletal elements
Dynamic recovery of photobleached microtubules b FRAP technique
Ans✅✅: Cells express GFP-tubulin; laser bleaches flourescence; time-
lapsed recovery of fluorescence in bleached area; fluorescence after
photobleaching
Microtubule structure
Ans✅✅: hollow, cylindrical; make up the mitotic spindle of dividing
cells and the core of cilia and flagella; 13 protofilaments that go
around;
Protofilaments
Ans✅✅: Globular proteins arranged in longitudinal rows; each is
assemled from dimers of alpha and beta-tubulin structures with plus and
minus ends (makes up their polarity)
Beta
Ans✅✅: + end of protofilament
Alpha
Ans✅✅: - end of protofilament
Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs)
Ans✅✅: Heterogenous group of proteins; attach to the surface of
microtubules to increase their stability and promote assembly; regulated
by phosphorylation of specific amino acid residues
Tau, MAP
Pretest - Stuvia US
, 3
Ans✅✅: When phosphorylation is high, implicated in the development of
several fatal neurodegenerative disorders, including alzheimer's; tangled
filaments, unable to bind to microtubules
Distribution of microtubules
Ans✅✅: Determins shape of the cell; in plant cell's interphase,
microtubles are located just beneath the plasma membrane forming cortical
zone
Microtubules maintain
Ans✅✅: The internal organization of cells
Noncodazole or Colchicine
Ans✅✅: Promote microtubule dissembly
Microtubules function in...
Ans✅✅: ...axonal transport; filled with cytoskeletal structures
including microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules;
facilitate movement vesicles between compartments
Axonal transport
Ans✅✅: Movement of neurotransmitters across thecell; movement
anterograde or retrograde; mediate tracks for a variety of motor proteins
Motor proteins
Ans✅✅: Generate the forces required to move objects within a cell;
proteins that utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to generate mechanical
forces that propel the protein, as well as attach cargo, along one of the
components for the cytoskeleton.
Molecular motors convert...
Ans✅✅: ...energy from ATP into mechanical energy
Pretest - Stuvia US
Cell and Molecular Biology, Chapter 9
Questions and Correct Answers
Cytoskeleton
Ans✅✅: Network of filamentous structures: microtubules,
microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
Roles of cytoskeleton: 1
Ans✅✅: Serves as a scaffold providing structural support and
maintaining cell shape
Roles of cytoskeleton: 2
Ans✅✅: Serves as an internal framework to organize organelles within
the cell
Roles of cytoskeleton: 3
Ans✅✅: Directs cellular locomotion and the movement of materials
within the cell
Roles of cytoskeleton: 4
Ans✅✅: Provides anchoring site for mRNA
Roles of cytoskeleton: 5
Ans✅✅: Serves as a signal transducer
Roles of cytoskeleton: 6
Ans✅✅: An essential component of the cell's division machinery; make
up the apparatus responsible for separating the chromosomes during
mitosis and meiosis
Pretest - Stuvia US
,2
The use of in vitro single-molecule assays
Ans✅✅: They make possible to detect the activity of an individual
protein molecule in real time; can be supplemented with atomic force
microscopy to measure the mechanical properties of cytoskeletal elements
Dynamic recovery of photobleached microtubules b FRAP technique
Ans✅✅: Cells express GFP-tubulin; laser bleaches flourescence; time-
lapsed recovery of fluorescence in bleached area; fluorescence after
photobleaching
Microtubule structure
Ans✅✅: hollow, cylindrical; make up the mitotic spindle of dividing
cells and the core of cilia and flagella; 13 protofilaments that go
around;
Protofilaments
Ans✅✅: Globular proteins arranged in longitudinal rows; each is
assemled from dimers of alpha and beta-tubulin structures with plus and
minus ends (makes up their polarity)
Beta
Ans✅✅: + end of protofilament
Alpha
Ans✅✅: - end of protofilament
Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs)
Ans✅✅: Heterogenous group of proteins; attach to the surface of
microtubules to increase their stability and promote assembly; regulated
by phosphorylation of specific amino acid residues
Tau, MAP
Pretest - Stuvia US
, 3
Ans✅✅: When phosphorylation is high, implicated in the development of
several fatal neurodegenerative disorders, including alzheimer's; tangled
filaments, unable to bind to microtubules
Distribution of microtubules
Ans✅✅: Determins shape of the cell; in plant cell's interphase,
microtubles are located just beneath the plasma membrane forming cortical
zone
Microtubules maintain
Ans✅✅: The internal organization of cells
Noncodazole or Colchicine
Ans✅✅: Promote microtubule dissembly
Microtubules function in...
Ans✅✅: ...axonal transport; filled with cytoskeletal structures
including microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules;
facilitate movement vesicles between compartments
Axonal transport
Ans✅✅: Movement of neurotransmitters across thecell; movement
anterograde or retrograde; mediate tracks for a variety of motor proteins
Motor proteins
Ans✅✅: Generate the forces required to move objects within a cell;
proteins that utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to generate mechanical
forces that propel the protein, as well as attach cargo, along one of the
components for the cytoskeleton.
Molecular motors convert...
Ans✅✅: ...energy from ATP into mechanical energy
Pretest - Stuvia US
