Biological Science, Canadian Edition., 2e (Freeman et al.)
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Chapter 1 Biology and the Tree of Life
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1) The pattern component of the cell theory claims that all organisms consist of cells.
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A) true
B) false
Answer:
d
dA
Reference: Section 1.1 d d
Bloom's Level: Remembering
d d d
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
d d d d d d d d d
2) How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?
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A) There is no difference—the terms are interchangeable.
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B) A theory is an explanation for a very general phenomenon or observation; hypotheses treat
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
more specific observations.
d d d
C) A hypothesis is an explanation for a very general phenomenon; theories treat more specific
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
issues.
d
D) Theories define scientific laws; hypotheses are used to set up experiments.
d d d d d d d d d d
Answer: B
d d
Reference: Section 1.1 d d
Bloom's Level: Comprehensiond d
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
d d d d d d d d d
3) Algae in the genus Caulerpa typically grow to a length of over half a meter and have
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
structures similar to stems, leaves, and roots. Reproduction occurs when adults produce sperm
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
and eggs that fuse to form offspring. Each adult Caulerpa, however, consists of just a single cell.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Which of the following statements is true?
d d d d d d d
A) Caulerpa violate the pattern component of the cell theory—that all organisms consist of cells.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
B) Caulerpa violate the process component of the cell theory—that all cells come from
d d d d d d d d d d d d
preexisting cells.
d d
C) Caulerpa violate both the pattern and process components of the cell theory.
d d d d d d d d d d d
D) The existence of Caulerpa is consistent with the cell theory.
d d d d d d d d d
Answer: D
d d
Reference: Section 1.1 d d
Bloom's Level: Comprehensiond d
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
d d d d d d d d d
4) Which statement about spontaneous generation is FALSE?
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A) Pasteur demonstrated that it does not occur under normal laboratory conditions.
d d d d d d d d d d
B) It apparently occurred at least once–when life on Earth began.
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C) It occurs every time a new species evolves from a preexisting species.
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D) It addresses the formation of living cells from previously nonliving material.
d d d d d d d d d d
Answer: C
d d
Reference: Section 1.1 d d
Bloom's Level: Remembering
d d d
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
d d d d d d d d d
,5) Recall Pasteur's experiment on spontaneous generation. Originally, he used sealed and
d d d d d d d d d d
unsealed flasks instead of swan-necked and unsealed flasks. Critics claimed that the experiment
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
was inconclusive. Which of the following criticisms would be addressed by using a swan-necked
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
flask instead of the sealed flask?
d d d d d d
A) The broth was heated too intensively.
d d d d d
B) There had not been enough time for spontaneous generation to occur.
d d d d d d d d d d
C) Fresh air is required for spontaneous generation.
d d d d d d
D) The broth was not nutritious enough.
d d d d d
Answer: C
d d
Reference: Section 1.1 d d
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Applying
d d
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
d d d d d d d d d
6) Which of the following is the best example of a heritable variation?
d d d d d d d d d d d
A) skin cancer d
B) amputation
C) red hair d
D) love for music d d
Answer: C
d d
Reference: Section 1.2 d d
Bloom's Level: Comprehensiond d
LOs: Chp1-1. Name five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms.
d d d d d d d d d d
7) How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
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A) Artificial selection occurs only in computer simulations, not with actual organisms.
d d d d d d d d d d
B) Artificial selection is based on conscious choices by humans.
d d d d d d d d
C) Artificial selection occurs only with plants.d d d d d
D) Artificial selection is not based on heritable variation, but on new mutations.
d d d d d d d d d d d
Answer: B
d d
Reference: Section 1.2 d d
Bloom's Level: Comprehensiond d
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
population.
d
,8) Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of Staphylococcus
d d d d d d d d d d d
aureus (an infectious wound bacterium) to evolve resistance to most antibiotics. If antibiotic use
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
were stopped, what would you predict would happen to these S. aureus populations?
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
A) They will go extinct without the antibiotic.
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B) The populations will begin colonizing new environments.
d d d d d d
C) The frequency of nonresistant forms will increase in these populations.
d d d d d d d d d
D) The frequency of resistant forms will definitely increase in these populations.
d d d d d d d d d d
Answer: C
d d
Reference: Section 1.2 d d
Bloom's Level: Applying
d d d
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
population.
d
9) Environments all over the world are changing as a result of global warming. Could this
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
influence natural selection?
d d d
A) No. The environment is always changing. Global warming is nothing new.
d d d d d d d d d d
B) Yes. Traits that help individuals produce more offspring in warmer environments will
d d d d d d d d d d d
increase in frequency.
d d d
C) No. The only change will be that species from hot environments will expand their ranges.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
D) Yes. Mutations occur more frequently in hot environments.
d d d d d d d
Answer: B
d d
Reference: Section 1.2 d d
Bloom's Level: Applying
d d d
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
population.
d
10) The "heat" in chili peppers is due to a molecule called capsaicin. Suppose you breed chili
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
peppers that have low amounts of capsaicin over many generations in order to make them milder
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
(have less capsaicin). What process is occurring?
d d d d d d d
A) heritable variation d
B) environmental change d
C) natural selection d
D) artificial selection d
Answer: D
d d
Reference: Section 1.2 d d
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering
d d
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
population.
d
, 11) The "heat" in chili peppers is due to a molecule called capsaicin. Suppose you breed only the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
hottest chili peppers over many generations–predict the characteristics of the resulting
d d d d d d d d d d d
individuals.
d
A) larger fruits d
B) smaller fruits d
C) less capsaicin
d
D) more capsaicin d
Answer: D
d d
Reference: Section 1.2 d d
Bloom's Level: Applying
d d d
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
population.
d
12) Starting from the wild mustard Brassica oleracea, breeders have created the strains known as
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Brussel sprouts, broccoli, kale, and cabbage. Which of the following statements is supported by
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
this observation?
d d
A) In this species, there is enough heritable variation to create a variety of features.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
B) Heritable variation is low–otherwise the wild strain would have different characteristics.
d d d d d d d d d d
C) Natural selection has not occurred very frequently in the wild populations.
d d d d d d d d d d
D) In this species, most of the variation present is due to differences in soil, nutrition, amount of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
sunlight, or other aspects of the environment.
d d d d d d d
Answer: A d
Reference: Section 1.2 d d
Bloom's Level: Applying
d d d
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
population.
d
13) Which of the following best reflects a phylogenetic conclusion regarding chimpanzees and
d d d d d d d d d d d
baboons?
d
A) They are grouped together because they both have opposable thumbs.
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B) They are grouped together because they both feed their young breast milk.
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C) They are grouped together because they have a common ancestor in recent history.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
D) They are grouped together because they live in similar habitats.
d d d d d d d d d
Answer: C
d d
Reference: Section 1.3 d d
Bloom's Level: Remembering
d d d
LOs: Chp1-4. Read a phylogenetic tree, and understand the role of similarities and differences in
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
constructing phylogenetic trees.
d d d
d d d d d d d
Chapter 1 Biology and the Tree of Life
d d d d d d d d
1) The pattern component of the cell theory claims that all organisms consist of cells.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
A) true
B) false
Answer:
d
dA
Reference: Section 1.1 d d
Bloom's Level: Remembering
d d d
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
d d d d d d d d d
2) How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?
d d d d d d d d d
A) There is no difference—the terms are interchangeable.
d d d d d d
B) A theory is an explanation for a very general phenomenon or observation; hypotheses treat
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
more specific observations.
d d d
C) A hypothesis is an explanation for a very general phenomenon; theories treat more specific
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
issues.
d
D) Theories define scientific laws; hypotheses are used to set up experiments.
d d d d d d d d d d
Answer: B
d d
Reference: Section 1.1 d d
Bloom's Level: Comprehensiond d
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
d d d d d d d d d
3) Algae in the genus Caulerpa typically grow to a length of over half a meter and have
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
structures similar to stems, leaves, and roots. Reproduction occurs when adults produce sperm
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
and eggs that fuse to form offspring. Each adult Caulerpa, however, consists of just a single cell.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Which of the following statements is true?
d d d d d d d
A) Caulerpa violate the pattern component of the cell theory—that all organisms consist of cells.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
B) Caulerpa violate the process component of the cell theory—that all cells come from
d d d d d d d d d d d d
preexisting cells.
d d
C) Caulerpa violate both the pattern and process components of the cell theory.
d d d d d d d d d d d
D) The existence of Caulerpa is consistent with the cell theory.
d d d d d d d d d
Answer: D
d d
Reference: Section 1.1 d d
Bloom's Level: Comprehensiond d
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
d d d d d d d d d
4) Which statement about spontaneous generation is FALSE?
d d d d d d
A) Pasteur demonstrated that it does not occur under normal laboratory conditions.
d d d d d d d d d d
B) It apparently occurred at least once–when life on Earth began.
d d d d d d d d d
C) It occurs every time a new species evolves from a preexisting species.
d d d d d d d d d d d
D) It addresses the formation of living cells from previously nonliving material.
d d d d d d d d d d
Answer: C
d d
Reference: Section 1.1 d d
Bloom's Level: Remembering
d d d
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
d d d d d d d d d
,5) Recall Pasteur's experiment on spontaneous generation. Originally, he used sealed and
d d d d d d d d d d
unsealed flasks instead of swan-necked and unsealed flasks. Critics claimed that the experiment
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
was inconclusive. Which of the following criticisms would be addressed by using a swan-necked
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
flask instead of the sealed flask?
d d d d d d
A) The broth was heated too intensively.
d d d d d
B) There had not been enough time for spontaneous generation to occur.
d d d d d d d d d d
C) Fresh air is required for spontaneous generation.
d d d d d d
D) The broth was not nutritious enough.
d d d d d
Answer: C
d d
Reference: Section 1.1 d d
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Applying
d d
LOs: Chp1-2. Describe the two components of the cell theory.
d d d d d d d d d
6) Which of the following is the best example of a heritable variation?
d d d d d d d d d d d
A) skin cancer d
B) amputation
C) red hair d
D) love for music d d
Answer: C
d d
Reference: Section 1.2 d d
Bloom's Level: Comprehensiond d
LOs: Chp1-1. Name five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms.
d d d d d d d d d d
7) How does artificial selection differ from natural selection?
d d d d d d d
A) Artificial selection occurs only in computer simulations, not with actual organisms.
d d d d d d d d d d
B) Artificial selection is based on conscious choices by humans.
d d d d d d d d
C) Artificial selection occurs only with plants.d d d d d
D) Artificial selection is not based on heritable variation, but on new mutations.
d d d d d d d d d d d
Answer: B
d d
Reference: Section 1.2 d d
Bloom's Level: Comprehensiond d
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
population.
d
,8) Over the past several decades, natural selection has caused populations of Staphylococcus
d d d d d d d d d d d
aureus (an infectious wound bacterium) to evolve resistance to most antibiotics. If antibiotic use
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
were stopped, what would you predict would happen to these S. aureus populations?
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
A) They will go extinct without the antibiotic.
d d d d d d
B) The populations will begin colonizing new environments.
d d d d d d
C) The frequency of nonresistant forms will increase in these populations.
d d d d d d d d d
D) The frequency of resistant forms will definitely increase in these populations.
d d d d d d d d d d
Answer: C
d d
Reference: Section 1.2 d d
Bloom's Level: Applying
d d d
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
population.
d
9) Environments all over the world are changing as a result of global warming. Could this
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
influence natural selection?
d d d
A) No. The environment is always changing. Global warming is nothing new.
d d d d d d d d d d
B) Yes. Traits that help individuals produce more offspring in warmer environments will
d d d d d d d d d d d
increase in frequency.
d d d
C) No. The only change will be that species from hot environments will expand their ranges.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
D) Yes. Mutations occur more frequently in hot environments.
d d d d d d d
Answer: B
d d
Reference: Section 1.2 d d
Bloom's Level: Applying
d d d
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
population.
d
10) The "heat" in chili peppers is due to a molecule called capsaicin. Suppose you breed chili
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
peppers that have low amounts of capsaicin over many generations in order to make them milder
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
(have less capsaicin). What process is occurring?
d d d d d d d
A) heritable variation d
B) environmental change d
C) natural selection d
D) artificial selection d
Answer: D
d d
Reference: Section 1.2 d d
Bloom's Level: Comprehension/Remembering
d d
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
population.
d
, 11) The "heat" in chili peppers is due to a molecule called capsaicin. Suppose you breed only the
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
hottest chili peppers over many generations–predict the characteristics of the resulting
d d d d d d d d d d d
individuals.
d
A) larger fruits d
B) smaller fruits d
C) less capsaicin
d
D) more capsaicin d
Answer: D
d d
Reference: Section 1.2 d d
Bloom's Level: Applying
d d d
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
population.
d
12) Starting from the wild mustard Brassica oleracea, breeders have created the strains known as
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Brussel sprouts, broccoli, kale, and cabbage. Which of the following statements is supported by
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
this observation?
d d
A) In this species, there is enough heritable variation to create a variety of features.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
B) Heritable variation is low–otherwise the wild strain would have different characteristics.
d d d d d d d d d d
C) Natural selection has not occurred very frequently in the wild populations.
d d d d d d d d d d
D) In this species, most of the variation present is due to differences in soil, nutrition, amount of
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
sunlight, or other aspects of the environment.
d d d d d d d
Answer: A d
Reference: Section 1.2 d d
Bloom's Level: Applying
d d d
LOs: Chp1-3. Briefly explain the theory of natural selection, and clarify the two conditions that
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
are necessary and sufficient for natural selection to bring about evolutionary change in a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
population.
d
13) Which of the following best reflects a phylogenetic conclusion regarding chimpanzees and
d d d d d d d d d d d
baboons?
d
A) They are grouped together because they both have opposable thumbs.
d d d d d d d d d
B) They are grouped together because they both feed their young breast milk.
d d d d d d d d d d d
C) They are grouped together because they have a common ancestor in recent history.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
D) They are grouped together because they live in similar habitats.
d d d d d d d d d
Answer: C
d d
Reference: Section 1.3 d d
Bloom's Level: Remembering
d d d
LOs: Chp1-4. Read a phylogenetic tree, and understand the role of similarities and differences in
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
constructing phylogenetic trees.
d d d
