BNKN602: Nursing Practice Essentials
, BNKN602: Nursing Practice Essentials
1.
2. V/Q mismatch Ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q ratio) is a ratio used to assess
the ef-
ficiency and adequacy of the matching of two variables = ventilation
(V) and perfusion (P)
3. Mechanical insufficiency Structural damage- Nervous System (alter resp rate and
depth),
Muscles (Abdo, intercoastal, diaphragm- (impact intrathoracic
vol= dec pressure to exchange air), Airway obstruction-
physiological and foreign objects (inflammation,
obstructions) Medication- CNS Depressant.
4. functional insufficiency Attecting gas exchange- Cardiac comprimise (reducing ability
carry o2 due to reduce Cardiac output), PE (decreased pul
per- fusion), HB (oxygen carried on HB), Tumor, Infection
(fill alveolar space increasing dittusion distance), COPD
(Compliance- decreased stretch and expand, Resistance of
resp tract during inspiration and exhalation, surface area-
loss of surfactant decrease surface area for gas exchange)
5. Bronchodilators Short acting Relievers- 4-6 hrs, rapid onset 5-10 min, acute
asthma
attack, salbutamol+ Terbutaline. Long acting- 12 hrs, slow
onset, not for acute symptoms, salmeterol+Eformoteril.
6. Inhaled Corticosteroids potent anti-inflammatory agents, inhalation prevents system
adverse
ettects, Flucticasone+Beclomethasone, prevents
hypersensitiveness of bronchial smooth muscle to
irritants, taken continuously.
7. Ventricular Tachycardia Absence of P waves. QRS complex is wide and fast
8. Ventricular Fibrillation rapid disorganised contraction of the ventricles
, BNKN602: Nursing Practice Essentials
9. Two key points in • Atrial Fibrillation (AF) - completely disorganised atrial
relation to identifying electrical activity
Atrial Fibril- lation • Impulses arise from the SA node and other sites in the
atria
, BNKN602: Nursing Practice Essentials
• Conduction through the AV node is irregular and usually fas
• There are no P waves and it is irregular
• Instead of a P wave - it has uneven fibrillatory lines (F
waves) before the QRS complex
10. What are the two Modifiable (Being overweight or obese, Smoking)
cate- gories of Non- Modifiable (Having a family history of early heart
cardiovascular disease,Hav- ing a history of preeclampsia during pregnancy,
disease prevention? Age)
11. Rheumatic Fever Rheumatic fever is an autoimmune disease that results from a
Group
A Streptococcus. If untreated, it may develop into rheumatic
heart disease and go onto damage the heart ’valve/s may
need to be replaced
12. Coronary artery angina, myocardial infarction
disease (CAD)
13. Angina •Angina is the symptom of reversible myocardial ischaemia
• It occurs due to a stable lesion / plaque in the coronary
artery
14. Myocardial Infarction •Results from sustained ischaemia or sudden complete
blockage of the coronary artery
• Myocardial tissue distal to the obstruction dies
• Can be partial thickness (NSTEMI) or full thickness
(transmural) (STEMI)
15. Acute Coronary Syndrome •Group of clinical symptoms that are consistent with acut
myocar-
(ACS) underlying pathophysiology of Acut
Coronary Syndrome?
16. What is the
, BNKN602: Nursing Practice Essentials
1.
2. V/Q mismatch Ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q ratio) is a ratio used to assess
the ef-
ficiency and adequacy of the matching of two variables = ventilation
(V) and perfusion (P)
3. Mechanical insufficiency Structural damage- Nervous System (alter resp rate and
depth),
Muscles (Abdo, intercoastal, diaphragm- (impact intrathoracic
vol= dec pressure to exchange air), Airway obstruction-
physiological and foreign objects (inflammation,
obstructions) Medication- CNS Depressant.
4. functional insufficiency Attecting gas exchange- Cardiac comprimise (reducing ability
carry o2 due to reduce Cardiac output), PE (decreased pul
per- fusion), HB (oxygen carried on HB), Tumor, Infection
(fill alveolar space increasing dittusion distance), COPD
(Compliance- decreased stretch and expand, Resistance of
resp tract during inspiration and exhalation, surface area-
loss of surfactant decrease surface area for gas exchange)
5. Bronchodilators Short acting Relievers- 4-6 hrs, rapid onset 5-10 min, acute
asthma
attack, salbutamol+ Terbutaline. Long acting- 12 hrs, slow
onset, not for acute symptoms, salmeterol+Eformoteril.
6. Inhaled Corticosteroids potent anti-inflammatory agents, inhalation prevents system
adverse
ettects, Flucticasone+Beclomethasone, prevents
hypersensitiveness of bronchial smooth muscle to
irritants, taken continuously.
7. Ventricular Tachycardia Absence of P waves. QRS complex is wide and fast
8. Ventricular Fibrillation rapid disorganised contraction of the ventricles
, BNKN602: Nursing Practice Essentials
9. Two key points in • Atrial Fibrillation (AF) - completely disorganised atrial
relation to identifying electrical activity
Atrial Fibril- lation • Impulses arise from the SA node and other sites in the
atria
, BNKN602: Nursing Practice Essentials
• Conduction through the AV node is irregular and usually fas
• There are no P waves and it is irregular
• Instead of a P wave - it has uneven fibrillatory lines (F
waves) before the QRS complex
10. What are the two Modifiable (Being overweight or obese, Smoking)
cate- gories of Non- Modifiable (Having a family history of early heart
cardiovascular disease,Hav- ing a history of preeclampsia during pregnancy,
disease prevention? Age)
11. Rheumatic Fever Rheumatic fever is an autoimmune disease that results from a
Group
A Streptococcus. If untreated, it may develop into rheumatic
heart disease and go onto damage the heart ’valve/s may
need to be replaced
12. Coronary artery angina, myocardial infarction
disease (CAD)
13. Angina •Angina is the symptom of reversible myocardial ischaemia
• It occurs due to a stable lesion / plaque in the coronary
artery
14. Myocardial Infarction •Results from sustained ischaemia or sudden complete
blockage of the coronary artery
• Myocardial tissue distal to the obstruction dies
• Can be partial thickness (NSTEMI) or full thickness
(transmural) (STEMI)
15. Acute Coronary Syndrome •Group of clinical symptoms that are consistent with acut
myocar-
(ACS) underlying pathophysiology of Acut
Coronary Syndrome?
16. What is the
