NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Latest Edition With Verified Answers| Rated A+

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NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
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Latest Edition With Verified Answers| Rated
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A+
1. Asthma: Chronic disease due to bronchoconstriction and an excessive
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inflam-Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dcp8kd
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matory response in the bronchioles
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2. What are 5 s/s of asthma:
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coughing wheezing
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shortness of ss


breath rapid
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breathing chest
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tightness
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3. Pathophysiology of asthma (5): -airway inflammation, bronchial hyper- ss ss ss ss ss ss ss


reactivity and smooth muscle spasm
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-excess mucus production and accumulation
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-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle ss ss ss ss


-airflow obstruction ss


-decreased alveolar ventilation ss ss


4. Bronchioles: smaller passageways that originate from the bronchi that
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become the alveoli
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5. 3 layers of the bronchioles: innermost
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layer middle layer - lamina propria
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outermost layer ss


6. lamina propria: the middle layer of the bronchioles
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7. structure of the lamina propria: embedded with connective tissue cells
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and immune cells
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8. purpose of the lamina propria: white blood cells are present to help
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protect the airways
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9. How does the lamina propria effect the lungs in regards to asthma:
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the WBCs protective feature goes into overdrive causing an inflammatory
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response that damages host tissue
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10. What does the innermost layer of the bronchioles contain: columnar
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epithe- lial ells and mucus producing goblet cells
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11. What does the outermost layer of the bronchioles contain: smooth
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muscle cells
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12. what does the outermost layer of the bronchioles do: control the
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airways ability to constrict and dilate
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13. alveolar hyperinflation: When air is unable to move out of the alveolar
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like it should due to bronchial walls collapsing around possible mucus plug
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thus trapping air inside
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14. how does hyperinflation occur?: the ongoing inflammatory process of
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asthma produces mucus and pus plug that the bronchial walls collapse
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around
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NR 507: Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
ss ss ss ss ss


Latest Edition With Verified Answers| Rated
ss ss ss ss ss ss


A+
15. Effect of hyperinflation of the alveolar: -expanded thorax and
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dcp8kd
hypercapnia
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(retention of CO2) ss ss


- respiratory acidosis ss


16. What are two anticholinergic drugs used for asthma: tiotropium and
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iprat- ropium
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17. What do anticholinergics do in the lungs?: These drugs block the
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effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
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- increasing bronchodilation ss


18. MOA of anticholinergic drugs for asthma: the parasympathetic system
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is stimulated by the vagal nerve to release acetylcholine which binds to the
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cholinergic receptors of the respiratory tract to cause bronchial constriction =
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decreased airflow
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- blocking the cholinergic receptors prevents acetylcholine binding preventing
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ssthe bronchial constriction
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19. bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchial tubes ss ss ss ss ss


20. 3 characteristics of bronchitis: bronchial
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ssinflammation hypersecretion of mucus ss ss ss


chronic productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for at least 2
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successive years
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21. Perfusion: The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss


sscells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the
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sscapillaries.
22. results of chronic bronchitis/ low perfusion: ss ss ss ss ss


cyanosis right to left shunting
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chronic hypoxemia ss


23. Why is there cyanosis with chronic bronchitis: there is hypoxia due to
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ssunfa- vorable conditions for gas exchange
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24. Right to left shunting: when blood passes from the right ventricle
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ssthrough the lungs and to the left ventricle without perfusion
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25. Causes of bronchitis: -long term exposure to environmental irritants
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-repeated episodes of acute infection (RSV infection in early infancy)
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-Factors affecting gestational childhood lung development (preterm birth)
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26. Pathogenesis of bronchitis: -Exposure to airborne irritants ss ss ss ss ss ss


- Irritant activates bronchial smooth muscle constriction and mucus secretion
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- Triggers release of inflammatory mediators from immune cells located in the
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lamina propria
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27. most common irritant with bronchitis is?: tobacco product smoke
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28. what does long term exposure to irritants promote in bronchitis?
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