NRNP 6566 WEEK 11 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025
/ 2026
Normal pH - ANSWER-7.35-7.45
<7.35 Acid
>7.45 alkalosis
respiratory aklalosis - ANSWER-pH> 7.45, PaC02 low, HC03 low
respiratory acidosis - ANSWER-pH < 7.35
PaCO2 > 45
Hc03 normal 22-26
Metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER-pH > 7.45
HCO3 > 26
PaC02 45-35
normal oxygen levle - ANSWER-80-100
mild hypoxemia - ANSWER-60-80
moderate hypoxemia - ANSWER-40-60
severe hypoxemia - ANSWER-<40
A-a gradiatian calculation is a calculation of what? - ANSWER-level of hypoxia
PA02-Pa02
A-a gradiant varies with age, calculation - ANSWER-2.5 + 0.21 x age in years
5 causes of hypoxemia - ANSWER-VQ mismatch
shunt
PNA, interstitial lung dz
hypoventilation
high altitude
clinical symptoms that require intubation - ANSWER-neuromuscular depression or failure.
spinal cord injuries
guillain barre syndrome
trauma-spinal cord injuries, phrenic nerve injury
myasthenia gravis
shock
status asthmaticus
sustained apnea of any kind
indications for weaning from vent - ANSWER-underlying process that required the vent is corrected
maintaining oxygen status
no presser support- levophed, epinephrine, etc.
Pa02 >80, FI02 of 0.5, and PEEP <8.0 cm H20
, prior to seperation from the vent proceed with this ...... to determine if pt is able to dc vent -
ANSWER-trial of spontaneous breathing
Volume targeted assist control (AC) mode - ANSWER-the clinician determines tidal volume and rate/
pt can still breath over the vent. example: pt gets RR of 12 but has an additional 2 breaths on their
own, pt will still breathe 14 breaths/min. tidal volume is based on the vent.
Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation SIMV - ANSWER-clinician sets rate, and tidal volume,
and peak inflation pt can also have their own breaths. tidal volume is set based on the patient. VENT
doesn't specify tidal volume.
Pressure Control - ANSWER-A mode of ventilation that is normally patient or time triggered, pressure
targeted and time cycled.
AC control vent settings how do you determine tidal volume? - ANSWER-is based on ideal body
weight. careful with obese patients.
tidal volume - ANSWER-Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normal breath
peep - ANSWER-positive end expiratory pressure
Static Pressure - ANSWER-the pressure of air at rest, or that portion in moving air, if the air stream
were to stop
Plateau pressure - ANSWER-Measures the compliance the entire lung
End inspiratory pause button
Peak pressure - ANSWER-Pressure required to get a volume of air into the lungs, fighting resistance
increase in peak pressure is a complication from which patients? - ANSWER-ARDS or restrictive airway
patients.
high peak pressures with normal plateau pressures indicate.... - ANSWER-resistance, such as an ET
obstruction or bronchospasm
Minimal sedation - ANSWER-relief of anxiety, minimal affection on sensorium, anti-anixety
medications
moderate sedation - ANSWER--Depression of consciousness is drug induced
-Patient is able to respond to verbal commands
-Cardiac and respiratory function not usually affected
Deep sedation - ANSWER-client cannot be easily aroused, but can respond after repeated stimulation.
respiration may need to be supported
general anesthesia - ANSWER-the blockage of all body sensations, causing un-consciousness and loss
of reflexes. cardiac and respiratory monitoring is essential
dissociation - ANSWER-type of moderate sedation that occurs when using meds such as ketamine.
dissociation of the limbic system.
ICU delirium - ANSWER-a serious problem encountered in the ICU; patients have an increased length
of stay & increased mortality
treatment for ICU delirium - ANSWER-day and night schedule, reorientation, give the patient needed
DME such as glasses or hearing aids.
/ 2026
Normal pH - ANSWER-7.35-7.45
<7.35 Acid
>7.45 alkalosis
respiratory aklalosis - ANSWER-pH> 7.45, PaC02 low, HC03 low
respiratory acidosis - ANSWER-pH < 7.35
PaCO2 > 45
Hc03 normal 22-26
Metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER-pH > 7.45
HCO3 > 26
PaC02 45-35
normal oxygen levle - ANSWER-80-100
mild hypoxemia - ANSWER-60-80
moderate hypoxemia - ANSWER-40-60
severe hypoxemia - ANSWER-<40
A-a gradiatian calculation is a calculation of what? - ANSWER-level of hypoxia
PA02-Pa02
A-a gradiant varies with age, calculation - ANSWER-2.5 + 0.21 x age in years
5 causes of hypoxemia - ANSWER-VQ mismatch
shunt
PNA, interstitial lung dz
hypoventilation
high altitude
clinical symptoms that require intubation - ANSWER-neuromuscular depression or failure.
spinal cord injuries
guillain barre syndrome
trauma-spinal cord injuries, phrenic nerve injury
myasthenia gravis
shock
status asthmaticus
sustained apnea of any kind
indications for weaning from vent - ANSWER-underlying process that required the vent is corrected
maintaining oxygen status
no presser support- levophed, epinephrine, etc.
Pa02 >80, FI02 of 0.5, and PEEP <8.0 cm H20
, prior to seperation from the vent proceed with this ...... to determine if pt is able to dc vent -
ANSWER-trial of spontaneous breathing
Volume targeted assist control (AC) mode - ANSWER-the clinician determines tidal volume and rate/
pt can still breath over the vent. example: pt gets RR of 12 but has an additional 2 breaths on their
own, pt will still breathe 14 breaths/min. tidal volume is based on the vent.
Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation SIMV - ANSWER-clinician sets rate, and tidal volume,
and peak inflation pt can also have their own breaths. tidal volume is set based on the patient. VENT
doesn't specify tidal volume.
Pressure Control - ANSWER-A mode of ventilation that is normally patient or time triggered, pressure
targeted and time cycled.
AC control vent settings how do you determine tidal volume? - ANSWER-is based on ideal body
weight. careful with obese patients.
tidal volume - ANSWER-Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normal breath
peep - ANSWER-positive end expiratory pressure
Static Pressure - ANSWER-the pressure of air at rest, or that portion in moving air, if the air stream
were to stop
Plateau pressure - ANSWER-Measures the compliance the entire lung
End inspiratory pause button
Peak pressure - ANSWER-Pressure required to get a volume of air into the lungs, fighting resistance
increase in peak pressure is a complication from which patients? - ANSWER-ARDS or restrictive airway
patients.
high peak pressures with normal plateau pressures indicate.... - ANSWER-resistance, such as an ET
obstruction or bronchospasm
Minimal sedation - ANSWER-relief of anxiety, minimal affection on sensorium, anti-anixety
medications
moderate sedation - ANSWER--Depression of consciousness is drug induced
-Patient is able to respond to verbal commands
-Cardiac and respiratory function not usually affected
Deep sedation - ANSWER-client cannot be easily aroused, but can respond after repeated stimulation.
respiration may need to be supported
general anesthesia - ANSWER-the blockage of all body sensations, causing un-consciousness and loss
of reflexes. cardiac and respiratory monitoring is essential
dissociation - ANSWER-type of moderate sedation that occurs when using meds such as ketamine.
dissociation of the limbic system.
ICU delirium - ANSWER-a serious problem encountered in the ICU; patients have an increased length
of stay & increased mortality
treatment for ICU delirium - ANSWER-day and night schedule, reorientation, give the patient needed
DME such as glasses or hearing aids.
