Test Bank for Human Learning 7th Edition by Jeanne Ormrod | Chapter-by-Chapter Questions & Answers

, Test bank for Human Learning 7th Edition Ormrod
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y




CHAPTERY1
PERSPECTIVESYONYLEARNING

MultipleYChoiceYQuestions

HumanYbeingsYundoubtedlyYlearnYmoreYduringYtheYcourseYofYaYlifetimeYtha
nYanyYotherYspeciesYonYearth.YTheYmajorYresultYofYthisYcapacityYtoYlearnYisYthat
:
NewYinstinctsYbeginYtoYemerge.
HumanYthoughtYbecomesYlessYlogicalYwithYeachYgeneratio
n.YHumansYcanYbenefitYfromYtheirYexperiences.
HumansYareYtheYonlyYspeciesYwhoseYbehaviorYcannotYbeYanalyzedYi
nYtermsYofYstimuliYandYresponses.

ThreeYofYtheYfollowingYareYexamplesYofYlearning.YWhichYoneYisYnot?
AbigailYcriesYwhenYsheYstepsYonYaYsharpYpebble.
AfterYmanyYhoursYofYheatedYdebate,YBrianYbeginsYtoYadvocat
eYpoliticalYpracticesYheYhasYpreviouslyYopposed.
CaraYsuddenlyYrecognizesYhowYtheYdivisionYfactY―24Y’Y4Y=Y6‖YisYrelat
edYtoYtheYmultiplicationYfactY―6YxY4Y=Y24.‖
DavidYhasYbeenYrunningYawayYfromYGermanYshepherdsYeverYsinceYh
eYwasYbittenYbyYaYGermanYshepherdYtwoY yearsYago.

ReyneldaYhasYtroubleYtracingYaYcomplexYshapeYwithYaYpencilYwhenYsheYisYi
nYkindergarten,YbutYsheYcanYdoYitYquiteYwellYbyYtheYtimeYsheYisYinYsecondYgrad
e.YIsYthisYanYinstanceYofYlearning?
Yes,YbecauseYherYbehaviorYhasYchanged.
No,YbecauseYtheYcircumstancesYareYtooYdissimilar.
Maybe,YalthoughYtheYchangeYmayYsimplyYbeYdueYt
oYphysiologicalYmaturation.
Maybe,YbutYonlyYifYsheYisYbeingYreinforcedYforYtracingYaccurately.




2

, ChapterY1Y–
YPerspectivesYonYLearning




ThreeYofYtheYfollowingYillustrateYvariousYwaysYthatYlearningYmightY beYreflect
edYinYaYperson‘sYbehavior.YWhichYoneYofYtheYfollowingYchangesYdoesYnotYnecess
arilyYreflectYlearning?
AlthoughYit‘sYaYschoolYnight,YDeanYplaysYvideoYgamesYuntilYwellYpastYh
isYusualYbedtime.YAsYheYbecomesYmoreYtired,YheYfindsYitYincreasinglyYdi
fficultYtoYconcentrateYonYwhatYhe‘sYdoing.
EvenYasYaYyoungYchild,YJerryYcouldYtellYyouYthatYhisYgrandparent
sYimmigratedYtoYtheYUnitedYStatesYfromYIreland.YButYafterYaYcon
versationYwithYhisYgrandmother,YheYcanYnowYdescribeYtheYcircum
stancesYofYtheYfamily‘sYimmigrationYinYconsiderableYdetail.
DayYafterYday,YMartinYpracticesYhisYbasketballYskillsY (shooting,Ydribblin
g,Yetc.)YonYaYbasketballYcourtYatYaYlocalYpark.YWithYeachYpracticeYsessio
n,YhisYmovementsYbecomeYfasterYandYsmoother.
LewisYoccasionallyYasksYforYhelpYwhenYheYhasYdifficultyYwithYhisYclass
work,YbutYmostYofYtheYtimeYheYjustYstrugglesYquietlyYonYhisYown.YAfter
YhisYteacherYassuresYhimYthatYaskingYforYhelpYisYnotYaYsignYofYweakness

YorYinability,YheYbeginsYaskingYforYhelpYmuchYmoreYfrequently.




Y researchYexaminesYlearningYinYtightlyYcontrolledYsettingsYand
Y researchYexaminesYlearningYinYreal-worldYsettings.
Applied;YBasicYBasi
c;YQualitativeYQualit
ative;YAppliedYBasic
;YApplied

AYprincipleYofYlearningYcanYbestYbeYcharacterizedYas:
AYdescriptionYofYtheYresultsYofYaYparticularYresearchYstudy
AYstatementYthatYdescribesYhowYaYparticularYfactorYaffectsYlearning
TheYmeasurementYofYhowYmuchYlearningYhasYoccurredYinYa
particularYsituation
Y


AnYexplanationYofYtheYunderlyingYprocessesYthroughYwhichYlearningYoccurs

AYtheoryYofYlearningYcanYbestYbeYcharacterizedYas:
AYdescriptionYofYtheYresultsYofYaYparticularYresearchYstudy
AYstatementYthatYdescribesYhowYaYparticularYfactorYaffectsYlearning
TheYmeasurementYofYhowYmuchYlearningYhasYoccurredYinYa
particularYsituation
Y


AnYexplanationYofYtheYunderlyingYprocessesYthroughYwhichYlearningYoccurs




3

, ChapterY1Y–
YPerspectivesYonYLearning




ThreeYofYtheYfollowingYareYprinciplesYofYlearning.YWhichYoneYisYaYtheory
ofYlearningYratherYthanYaYprinciple?
AYbehaviorYthatYisYfollowedYbyYpunishmentYdecreasesYinYfrequency.
PeopleYlearnYbyYmakingYmentalYassociationsYbetweenYnewYinformatio
nYandYtheirYexistingYknowledge.
AYresponseYthatYisYrewardedYeveryYtimeYitYoccursYincreasesYmor
eYrapidlyYthanYaYresponseYthatYisYonlyYoccasionallyYrewarded.
StudentsYtendYtoYrememberYmoreYofYaYlectureYifYtheyYtakeYnotesYonY
theYlecture‘sYcontent.

WhichYoneYofYtheYfollowingYcommonYsayingsYbestYreflectsYtheYconce
ptYofYintrospection?
―WhereYthere‘sYaYwill,Ythere‘sYaYway.‖
―NothingYventured,YnothingYgained.‖
―AYpennyYforYyourYthoughts.‖
―OldYhabitsYdieYhard.‖

WhichYoneYofYtheYfollowingYcommonYsayingsYbestYreflectsYtheYbasi
cYpremiseYunderlyingYsocialYlearningYtheory?
―MonkeyYsee,YmonkeyYdo.‖
―SpareYtheYrodYandYspoilYtheYchild.‖
―AYfriendYinYneedYisYaYfriendYindeed.‖
―AYrollingYstoneYgathersYnoYmoss.‖

WhichYoneYofYtheYfollowingYstatementsYprovidesYtheYmostYcredibleYexpl
anationYforYtheYfactYthatYhumanYbeingsYseemYtoYsurpassYallYotherYanimalYsp
eciesYinYtheirYthinkingYandYlearningYcapacities?
OnlyYhumanYbeingsYhaveYtheYcapabilityYtoYmakeYtools.
HumansYcommunicateYregularlyYwithYoneYanotherYand,YinYdoingYs
o,YpassYalongYwhatYthey‘veYlearnedYtoYfutureYgenerations.
HumanYbeingsYhaveYaYhugeYrepertoireYofYinstinctualYbehaviorsYfro
mYwhichYtheyYcanYdrawYwhenYtheyYencounterYnewYexperiences.
HumanYbrainsYareYsmallerYthanYthoseYofYotherYintelligentYspeciesY(e.g.,
Yelephants,Ydolphins)YandYthereforeYcanYtransmitYmessagesYmoreYquick

lyYandYefficiently.




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