JacquelynL.Banasik-ISBN:9780323761550
,Chapter01:IntroductiontoPathophysiology
Banasik:Pathophysiology,7thEdition
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. C.Q.wasrecentlyexposedtogroupAhemolyticStreptococcusandsubsequentlydevelopeda
pharyngealinfection.Hisclinicexaminationrevealsanoraltemperatureof102.3F, skinrash,dysphagia,and
J
reddenedthroatmucosawithmultiplepustules.Hecomplainsofsorethroat,malaise,andjointstiffness.
J
AthroatcultureispositiveforStreptococcus,andantibioticshavebeenprescribed.
J
TheetiologyofC.Q.’sdisease is J
a. asorethroat.
b. streptococcalinfection.
c. geneticsusceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:B
J
Etiologyreferstotheproposedcauseorcausesofaparticulardiseaseprocess.Asorethroatisthe
manifestationofthediseaseprocess.Geneticsusceptibilityreferstoinheritedtendencytodevelopadisease.
J
Pharyngitisreferstoinflammationofthethroatandisalsoaclinicalmanifestationofthediseaseprocess.
J
2. Anobesebutotherwisehealthyteenisgivenaprescriptionforalow-caloriedietandexercise
program.Thisisanexampleof
J
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
J ANS:B
Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthediseasesuchasprescribingdiet
andexerciseforanindividualwhohasalreadydevelopedobesity.
J
Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityorreducingexposureforsusceptible
individuals.Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareandattemptstoalleviatedisability
J
andrestoreeffectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthediseaseonceithas
J
Jdeveloped.
,3. A17-year-oldcollege-boundstudentreceivesavaccineagainstanorganismthatcauses
J
meningitis.Thisisanexampleof
J
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS:A
J
Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityorreducingexposureforsusceptible
individualsbyprovidingvaccination.Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,and
J
managementofthedisease.Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareand
J
attemptstoalleviatedisabilityandrestoreeffectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementof
thediseaseonceithasdeveloped.
J
4. Apatientwithhighbloodpressurewhoisotherwisehealthyiscounseledtorestrictsodium
intake.Thisisanexampleof
J
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS:B
J
Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthedisease,suchasbyprescribing
sodiumrestrictionforhighbloodpressure.Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityor
J
reducingexposureforsusceptibleindividuals.Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareand
J
attemptstoalleviatedisabilityandrestoreeffectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthe
J
diseaseonceithasdeveloped.
J
, 5. Aftersuffering aheartattack,amiddle-agedmaniscounseledtotakeacholesterol-lowering
b
medication.Thisisanexampleof
J
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
J ANS:C
Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareandattemptstoalleviatedisabilityand
restoreeffectivefunctioningsuchasprescribingacholesterol-lowering
J
medicationfollowingaheartattack.Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibility
orreducingexpUosuSrefNorsTusceptibOleindividuals.Secondarypreventionisthe
J
earlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthedisease.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthe
diseaseonceithasdeveloped.
J
6. Apatienthasbeenexposedtomeningococcalmeningitis,butisnotyetdemonstratingsignsofthis
disease.Thisstageofillnessiscalledthe
J stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
J ANS:B
Incubationreferstotheintervalbetweenexposureofatissuetoaninjuriousagentandthefirstappearanceof
Jsignsandsymptoms.Ininfectiousdiseases,thisperiodisoftencalledtheincubation(latent)period.Prodromal
Jreferstotheappearanceofthefirstsignsandsymptomsindicatingtheonsetofadisease.Theseareoften
J nonspecific,suchasheadache,malaise,anorexia,andnausea,whichareassociatedwithanumberofdifferent
Jdiseases.
Sequelareferstosubsequentpathologicconditionresultingfromadisease.Convalescenceisthestageof
recoveryafteradisease,injury,orsurgicaloperation.
J
7. Adiseasethatisnativetoaparticularregioniscalled
J
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
,Chapter01:IntroductiontoPathophysiology
Banasik:Pathophysiology,7thEdition
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. C.Q.wasrecentlyexposedtogroupAhemolyticStreptococcusandsubsequentlydevelopeda
pharyngealinfection.Hisclinicexaminationrevealsanoraltemperatureof102.3F, skinrash,dysphagia,and
J
reddenedthroatmucosawithmultiplepustules.Hecomplainsofsorethroat,malaise,andjointstiffness.
J
AthroatcultureispositiveforStreptococcus,andantibioticshavebeenprescribed.
J
TheetiologyofC.Q.’sdisease is J
a. asorethroat.
b. streptococcalinfection.
c. geneticsusceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:B
J
Etiologyreferstotheproposedcauseorcausesofaparticulardiseaseprocess.Asorethroatisthe
manifestationofthediseaseprocess.Geneticsusceptibilityreferstoinheritedtendencytodevelopadisease.
J
Pharyngitisreferstoinflammationofthethroatandisalsoaclinicalmanifestationofthediseaseprocess.
J
2. Anobesebutotherwisehealthyteenisgivenaprescriptionforalow-caloriedietandexercise
program.Thisisanexampleof
J
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
J ANS:B
Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthediseasesuchasprescribingdiet
andexerciseforanindividualwhohasalreadydevelopedobesity.
J
Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityorreducingexposureforsusceptible
individuals.Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareandattemptstoalleviatedisability
J
andrestoreeffectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthediseaseonceithas
J
Jdeveloped.
,3. A17-year-oldcollege-boundstudentreceivesavaccineagainstanorganismthatcauses
J
meningitis.Thisisanexampleof
J
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS:A
J
Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityorreducingexposureforsusceptible
individualsbyprovidingvaccination.Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,and
J
managementofthedisease.Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareand
J
attemptstoalleviatedisabilityandrestoreeffectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementof
thediseaseonceithasdeveloped.
J
4. Apatientwithhighbloodpressurewhoisotherwisehealthyiscounseledtorestrictsodium
intake.Thisisanexampleof
J
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
ANS:B
J
Secondarypreventionistheearlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthedisease,suchasbyprescribing
sodiumrestrictionforhighbloodpressure.Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibilityor
J
reducingexposureforsusceptibleindividuals.Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareand
J
attemptstoalleviatedisabilityandrestoreeffectivefunctioning.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthe
J
diseaseonceithasdeveloped.
J
, 5. Aftersuffering aheartattack,amiddle-agedmaniscounseledtotakeacholesterol-lowering
b
medication.Thisisanexampleof
J
a. primaryprevention.
b. secondaryprevention.
c. tertiaryprevention.
d. diseasetreatment.
J ANS:C
Tertiarypreventionincludesrehabilitativeandsupportivecareandattemptstoalleviatedisabilityand
restoreeffectivefunctioningsuchasprescribingacholesterol-lowering
J
medicationfollowingaheartattack.Primarypreventionispreventionofdiseasebyalteringsusceptibility
orreducingexpUosuSrefNorsTusceptibOleindividuals.Secondarypreventionisthe
J
earlydetection,screening,andmanagementofthedisease.Diseasetreatmentinvolvesmanagementofthe
diseaseonceithasdeveloped.
J
6. Apatienthasbeenexposedtomeningococcalmeningitis,butisnotyetdemonstratingsignsofthis
disease.Thisstageofillnessiscalledthe
J stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
J ANS:B
Incubationreferstotheintervalbetweenexposureofatissuetoaninjuriousagentandthefirstappearanceof
Jsignsandsymptoms.Ininfectiousdiseases,thisperiodisoftencalledtheincubation(latent)period.Prodromal
Jreferstotheappearanceofthefirstsignsandsymptomsindicatingtheonsetofadisease.Theseareoften
J nonspecific,suchasheadache,malaise,anorexia,andnausea,whichareassociatedwithanumberofdifferent
Jdiseases.
Sequelareferstosubsequentpathologicconditionresultingfromadisease.Convalescenceisthestageof
recoveryafteradisease,injury,orsurgicaloperation.
J
7. Adiseasethatisnativetoaparticularregioniscalled
J
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
