BIOLOGY 109 EXAM CHAPTERS 1, 2,
&3 NOTES WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
What do lipids do? - ANSWER-Maintain body temperature, cushion organs, and
provide a significant energy reserve
When atoms share electrons to fill up their outer shell, they form _________. -
ANSWER-Covalent bonds
Which of the following is a good example of a buffer: sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric
acid, water, or sodium bicarbonate? - ANSWER-Sodium bicarbonate
The attractions between cations and anions are called - ANSWER-Ionic bonds
Which of the following is included in the four major classes of inorganic compounds?
- ANSWER-Carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, and inorganic salts
A solute that dissolves to release hydrogen ions and causes a decrease in pH is
called - ANSWER-An acid
A solute that removes hydrogen ions from a solution is - ANSWER-A base
A carbohydrate consists of - ANSWER-Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What are the three basic components of a single nucleotide of a nucleic acid? -
ANSWER-Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
In the formation of nonpolar covalent bonds, there is - ANSWER-Equal sharing of
electrons
Why is water effective as a solvent? - ANSWER-Its polarity creates positive and
negative regions that interact with many types of molecules
The actions of a buffer to maintain pH within normal limits consists primarily of -
ANSWER-Removing or replacing hydrogen ions
A salt may best be described as - ANSWER-An inorganic molecule consisting of a
cation and anion
How is the chemical makeup of a lipid molecule different from that of a
carbohydrate? - ANSWER-The lipid molecule contains much less oxygen than a
carbohydrate having the same number of carbon atoms
Why are lipid deposits important as energy reserves? - ANSWER-Lipids provide
twice as much energy than carbohydrates
, Proteins differ from carbohydrates in that they - ANSWER-Always contain nitrogen
What type of lipid is a good energy source, provides insulation, and helps protect
delicate organs - ANSWER-Triglycerides
Two simple sugars joined together to form a disacharide. The reaction involved
requires - ANSWER-The removal of water to create a more complex molecule
Why does the hemoglobin molecule quantify as a quartenary protein structure? -
ANSWER-It has four interacting globular units
List four functions performed by proteins - ANSWER-Antibodies (protect the body
from disease), enzymes (speed up chemical reactions), structure and support,
messenger proteins
What type of lipid is in a) cell membrane b) ovaries and testes c) subcutaneous fat
deposits? - ANSWER-a) Phospholipids
b) Estrogen and testosterone
c) Triglycerides
If isotope of carbon has mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 6, how many
neutrons are there? - ANSWER-8 neutrons
How do you calculate the neutrons of an isotope of an element? - ANSWER-Atomic
mass - atomic number
Describe unusual properties of water - ANSWER-High heat capacity and universal
solvent
How does Alka Seltzer act as a buffer in the stomach? - ANSWER-Prevents too
much acid from building and maintains pH
What are the differences between DNA and RNA? - ANSWER-DNA are long
polymers with phosphate backbone and codons AGCT; RNA is a polymer with ribose
and phosphate backbone with codons AGCU
The term "medial surface" refers to the area - ANSWER-Close to the long axis of the
body
Histology is the study of - ANSWER-Tissues
Which region of the body is known as the femoral region? - ANSWER-Thigh
In descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the arm is the -
ANSWER-Brachium
The anatomical term for the calf is called the - ANSWER-Sura/sural
Heat production is a major function of the _____________ system - ANSWER-
Muscular
&3 NOTES WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
What do lipids do? - ANSWER-Maintain body temperature, cushion organs, and
provide a significant energy reserve
When atoms share electrons to fill up their outer shell, they form _________. -
ANSWER-Covalent bonds
Which of the following is a good example of a buffer: sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric
acid, water, or sodium bicarbonate? - ANSWER-Sodium bicarbonate
The attractions between cations and anions are called - ANSWER-Ionic bonds
Which of the following is included in the four major classes of inorganic compounds?
- ANSWER-Carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, and inorganic salts
A solute that dissolves to release hydrogen ions and causes a decrease in pH is
called - ANSWER-An acid
A solute that removes hydrogen ions from a solution is - ANSWER-A base
A carbohydrate consists of - ANSWER-Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What are the three basic components of a single nucleotide of a nucleic acid? -
ANSWER-Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
In the formation of nonpolar covalent bonds, there is - ANSWER-Equal sharing of
electrons
Why is water effective as a solvent? - ANSWER-Its polarity creates positive and
negative regions that interact with many types of molecules
The actions of a buffer to maintain pH within normal limits consists primarily of -
ANSWER-Removing or replacing hydrogen ions
A salt may best be described as - ANSWER-An inorganic molecule consisting of a
cation and anion
How is the chemical makeup of a lipid molecule different from that of a
carbohydrate? - ANSWER-The lipid molecule contains much less oxygen than a
carbohydrate having the same number of carbon atoms
Why are lipid deposits important as energy reserves? - ANSWER-Lipids provide
twice as much energy than carbohydrates
, Proteins differ from carbohydrates in that they - ANSWER-Always contain nitrogen
What type of lipid is a good energy source, provides insulation, and helps protect
delicate organs - ANSWER-Triglycerides
Two simple sugars joined together to form a disacharide. The reaction involved
requires - ANSWER-The removal of water to create a more complex molecule
Why does the hemoglobin molecule quantify as a quartenary protein structure? -
ANSWER-It has four interacting globular units
List four functions performed by proteins - ANSWER-Antibodies (protect the body
from disease), enzymes (speed up chemical reactions), structure and support,
messenger proteins
What type of lipid is in a) cell membrane b) ovaries and testes c) subcutaneous fat
deposits? - ANSWER-a) Phospholipids
b) Estrogen and testosterone
c) Triglycerides
If isotope of carbon has mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 6, how many
neutrons are there? - ANSWER-8 neutrons
How do you calculate the neutrons of an isotope of an element? - ANSWER-Atomic
mass - atomic number
Describe unusual properties of water - ANSWER-High heat capacity and universal
solvent
How does Alka Seltzer act as a buffer in the stomach? - ANSWER-Prevents too
much acid from building and maintains pH
What are the differences between DNA and RNA? - ANSWER-DNA are long
polymers with phosphate backbone and codons AGCT; RNA is a polymer with ribose
and phosphate backbone with codons AGCU
The term "medial surface" refers to the area - ANSWER-Close to the long axis of the
body
Histology is the study of - ANSWER-Tissues
Which region of the body is known as the femoral region? - ANSWER-Thigh
In descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the arm is the -
ANSWER-Brachium
The anatomical term for the calf is called the - ANSWER-Sura/sural
Heat production is a major function of the _____________ system - ANSWER-
Muscular
