Abnormal psychology Final Exam ( Updated
2025 ) 1
100 Complete Questions & Answers
(Solved) 100% Correct
what are the key features of autism spectrum disorder?
Diffrences in social and communication behaviors, and a restricted range
of activities and interests
Lots of variation within this
when are neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed?
diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence
however, we know that sometimes people reach adulthood without a
diagnoses and seek one
what are the historical views of ASD, that we now know are incorrect?
Swiss psychiatrist eugen blueler used the term to reference
schizophrenia.
Leo manner and Hans Asperger independently described childhood
,disorder with a impaired social relationship, unusually language, and
restricted or repetitive interests, they initially viewed the condition as
related to schizophrenia.
- parents where blamed
- researchers looked for patterns in parent personalities of parent
approach
- mothers were targeted
What are the core systems of autism?
Qualitative impairments in social interactions, impairments of
communication, restricted range of interest and behaviors.
what are some components of social communication?
Social imitation
Joint attention
Social attention
Face perception
Functional and symbolic play
Communication abilities
Restrictive interests/behaviors
What is social imitation?
Copying others
What is joint attention?
Involves coordinating gaze, gesture, and facial expressions with others
as meant of sharing attention
What is social attention?
Are less likely to orient towards social stimuli
What is face perception?
,Recognizing and showing excitement at familiar faces.
What is Functional and symbolic play?
A precursor to language, play may appear mechanical, less spontaneous
What is communication abilities?
Often delayed language, difficulty in perspective taking
What is restrictive interests/behaviors?
Difficulty breaking from routine, fascination with water or lights, prefer
status quo
What are the two big categories of diagnosis for autism?
Persistent deficits in some communication and social interactions across
multiple contexts
Restricted, repetitive, patterns of behaviors, interests or activities
what is the controversy regarding changing diagnosis from DSM 4 to DSM
5 around autism?
the DSM 4 inclusion of pervasive developmental disorders was confusing
previous DSMs listed childhood disintegrative disorder and rett disorder
the DSM removed reference to Asperger's disorder
what are common comorbidities of ASD?
Comorbidity with language disorders and intellectual disabilities
Comorbidity with ADHD, anxiety, and depression
Comorbidity with sleep disturbances, eating disturbances, and GI
difficulties
what are the key features of intellectual disability?
ntellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations in both
intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior
, below average intellectual and adaptive functioning
first evident in childhood
range of impairment varies greatly
IQ typically below 70-75
what are the prevalence rates of intellectual disability disorder?
Prevalence - 1-3% of the population
9 in 10 people with ID have mild impairment (IQ of 50-70)
what are the causes of intellectual disability disorder?
Genetics - chromosomal disorders, multiple genetic mutations, single
geens can be responsible but dominant genes are less often responsible
than recessive genes
What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)?
cannot break down phenylalanine which is found in food results in ID
when the individual eats phenylalanine
What are the causes of ID in terms of chromosomes?
Down syndrome - most common chromosomal cause of intellectual
disability
Extra chromosome
Distinct physical symptoms
Fragile X syndrome - symptoms include learning disability, hyperactivity,
short attention span, gaze avoidance, perseveration speech
what are cultural familial causes of ID
cultural familial intellectual disability refers to intellectual disability
influenced by social environmental factors such as abuse, neglect and
social deprivation
2025 ) 1
100 Complete Questions & Answers
(Solved) 100% Correct
what are the key features of autism spectrum disorder?
Diffrences in social and communication behaviors, and a restricted range
of activities and interests
Lots of variation within this
when are neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed?
diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence
however, we know that sometimes people reach adulthood without a
diagnoses and seek one
what are the historical views of ASD, that we now know are incorrect?
Swiss psychiatrist eugen blueler used the term to reference
schizophrenia.
Leo manner and Hans Asperger independently described childhood
,disorder with a impaired social relationship, unusually language, and
restricted or repetitive interests, they initially viewed the condition as
related to schizophrenia.
- parents where blamed
- researchers looked for patterns in parent personalities of parent
approach
- mothers were targeted
What are the core systems of autism?
Qualitative impairments in social interactions, impairments of
communication, restricted range of interest and behaviors.
what are some components of social communication?
Social imitation
Joint attention
Social attention
Face perception
Functional and symbolic play
Communication abilities
Restrictive interests/behaviors
What is social imitation?
Copying others
What is joint attention?
Involves coordinating gaze, gesture, and facial expressions with others
as meant of sharing attention
What is social attention?
Are less likely to orient towards social stimuli
What is face perception?
,Recognizing and showing excitement at familiar faces.
What is Functional and symbolic play?
A precursor to language, play may appear mechanical, less spontaneous
What is communication abilities?
Often delayed language, difficulty in perspective taking
What is restrictive interests/behaviors?
Difficulty breaking from routine, fascination with water or lights, prefer
status quo
What are the two big categories of diagnosis for autism?
Persistent deficits in some communication and social interactions across
multiple contexts
Restricted, repetitive, patterns of behaviors, interests or activities
what is the controversy regarding changing diagnosis from DSM 4 to DSM
5 around autism?
the DSM 4 inclusion of pervasive developmental disorders was confusing
previous DSMs listed childhood disintegrative disorder and rett disorder
the DSM removed reference to Asperger's disorder
what are common comorbidities of ASD?
Comorbidity with language disorders and intellectual disabilities
Comorbidity with ADHD, anxiety, and depression
Comorbidity with sleep disturbances, eating disturbances, and GI
difficulties
what are the key features of intellectual disability?
ntellectual disability is characterized by significant limitations in both
intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior
, below average intellectual and adaptive functioning
first evident in childhood
range of impairment varies greatly
IQ typically below 70-75
what are the prevalence rates of intellectual disability disorder?
Prevalence - 1-3% of the population
9 in 10 people with ID have mild impairment (IQ of 50-70)
what are the causes of intellectual disability disorder?
Genetics - chromosomal disorders, multiple genetic mutations, single
geens can be responsible but dominant genes are less often responsible
than recessive genes
What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)?
cannot break down phenylalanine which is found in food results in ID
when the individual eats phenylalanine
What are the causes of ID in terms of chromosomes?
Down syndrome - most common chromosomal cause of intellectual
disability
Extra chromosome
Distinct physical symptoms
Fragile X syndrome - symptoms include learning disability, hyperactivity,
short attention span, gaze avoidance, perseveration speech
what are cultural familial causes of ID
cultural familial intellectual disability refers to intellectual disability
influenced by social environmental factors such as abuse, neglect and
social deprivation
