BCHM 4360 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
chromosome - Answer -Genetic information is packaged into at least one very long
DNA molecule.
one - Answer -Each chromosome contains ___ double-stranded DNA molecule.
genes - Answer -Each chromosome has many _____ and other regions of DNA within
a single molecule.
intergenic - Answer -Regions between genes are __________.
linear - Answer -Eukaryotes have ______ chromosomes, most bacteria and archaea
have ________.
circular - Answer -Eukaryotes have ______ chromosomes, most bacteria and archaea
have ________.
less - Answer -____ complex organisms tend to have more _______ arranged genes.
densely - Answer -____ complex organisms tend to have more _______ arranged
genes.
yeast - Answer -Example is ____.
46 - Answer -Humans have __ chromosomes while the kingfisher has ___ and fission
yeast have _.
132 - Answer -Humans have __ chromosomes while the kingfisher has ___ and fission
yeast have _.
6 - Answer -Humans have __ chromosomes while the kingfisher has ___ and fission
yeast have _.
Ploidy - Answer -Ploidy refers to - how many sets of identical chromosomes an
organism has.
diploid - Answer -What is ploidy of humans and human sex cells?
haploid - Answer -What is ploidy of humans and human sex cells?
homologous - Answer -Each individual chromosome is __________ between the
mother and the father.
,Mitochondria - Answer -____________ and ____________ are thought to have derived
from ancestral free-living bacteria that were absorbed and maintained by other single-
celled organisms.
chloroplasts - Answer -____________ and ____________ are thought to have derived
from ancestral free-living bacteria that were absorbed and maintained by other single-
celled organisms.
plasmids - Answer -Bacterial cells often have additional DNA within their cells -- small
circular molecules known as ______.
DNA - Answer -Viruses are infectious agents and carry genetic information as small
___ or ___ chromosomes.
RNA - Answer -Viruses are infectious agents and carry genetic information as small
___ or ___ chromosomes.
linear - Answer -These chromosomes can be ______ or _______.
circular - Answer -These chromosomes can be ______ or _______.
double - Answer -These chromosomes can be ______ or ______ stranded.
single - Answer -These chromosomes can be ______ or ______ stranded.
copied - Answer -Chromosomes must be ______ and ___________ to the next
generation of cells faithfully.
transferred - Answer -Chromosomes must be ______ and ___________ to the next
generation of cells faithfully.
before - Answer -Cells must copy DNA and separate the chromosomes ______ they
can divide.
the cell cycle - Answer -In somatic cells, the sequence of events of cell division is called
what?
coordinated - Answer -The chromosome cycle is ___________ with the cell cycle.
G1, S, G2, M - Answer -What are the four main phases to the cell cycle?
Cells grow to a minimum size required for the next stage - Answer -Describe what
happens in G1.
, DNA is copied, duplicating the chromosomes. The two sister chromatids remain
associated with one another. - Answer -Describe what happens in S.
The cell prepares for mitosis - Answer -Describe what happens in G2.
Sister chromatids are separated and a full set of chromosomes is moved to each pole of
the cell. - Answer -Describe what happens in M.
Condensed chromosomes - Answer -In condensed chromosomes, DNA appears as
large loops anchored near the middle of the chromosome.
Chromosomes composition - Answer -Chromosomes consist of DNA plus packaging
proteins that help condense the DNA into a smaller space and protect the genome.
Chromatin - Answer -The DNA-protein complex that makes up chromosomes is called
chromatin.
First packing stage of chromatin - Answer -Small positively-charged proteins bind to
counteract the negative charges on DNA backbone.
Bacterial chromatin packing - Answer -In bacteria, the first packing stage of chromatin
bends the DNA forming the nucleoid, and the bending induces supercoiling.
Basic binding proteins in eukaryotes - Answer -In eukaryotes, the basic binding
proteins are called histones.
Core histones - Answer -There are 4 core histones called H2A, H2B, H3, H4.
Amino acids in histones - Answer -Histones are rich in lysine and arginine due to
positive charges.
Polyploid - Answer -_________ cells have multiple sets of chromosomes and are
common in some plants.
liver - Answer -However, some human cells such as _____ cells are also _________.
polyploid - Answer -However, some human cells such as _____ cells are also
_________.
additional - Answer -Eukaryotic cells can have __________ DNA to the chromosomal
DNA found in the _______.
nucleus - Answer -Eukaryotic cells can have __________ DNA to the chromosomal
DNA found in the _______.
chromosome - Answer -Genetic information is packaged into at least one very long
DNA molecule.
one - Answer -Each chromosome contains ___ double-stranded DNA molecule.
genes - Answer -Each chromosome has many _____ and other regions of DNA within
a single molecule.
intergenic - Answer -Regions between genes are __________.
linear - Answer -Eukaryotes have ______ chromosomes, most bacteria and archaea
have ________.
circular - Answer -Eukaryotes have ______ chromosomes, most bacteria and archaea
have ________.
less - Answer -____ complex organisms tend to have more _______ arranged genes.
densely - Answer -____ complex organisms tend to have more _______ arranged
genes.
yeast - Answer -Example is ____.
46 - Answer -Humans have __ chromosomes while the kingfisher has ___ and fission
yeast have _.
132 - Answer -Humans have __ chromosomes while the kingfisher has ___ and fission
yeast have _.
6 - Answer -Humans have __ chromosomes while the kingfisher has ___ and fission
yeast have _.
Ploidy - Answer -Ploidy refers to - how many sets of identical chromosomes an
organism has.
diploid - Answer -What is ploidy of humans and human sex cells?
haploid - Answer -What is ploidy of humans and human sex cells?
homologous - Answer -Each individual chromosome is __________ between the
mother and the father.
,Mitochondria - Answer -____________ and ____________ are thought to have derived
from ancestral free-living bacteria that were absorbed and maintained by other single-
celled organisms.
chloroplasts - Answer -____________ and ____________ are thought to have derived
from ancestral free-living bacteria that were absorbed and maintained by other single-
celled organisms.
plasmids - Answer -Bacterial cells often have additional DNA within their cells -- small
circular molecules known as ______.
DNA - Answer -Viruses are infectious agents and carry genetic information as small
___ or ___ chromosomes.
RNA - Answer -Viruses are infectious agents and carry genetic information as small
___ or ___ chromosomes.
linear - Answer -These chromosomes can be ______ or _______.
circular - Answer -These chromosomes can be ______ or _______.
double - Answer -These chromosomes can be ______ or ______ stranded.
single - Answer -These chromosomes can be ______ or ______ stranded.
copied - Answer -Chromosomes must be ______ and ___________ to the next
generation of cells faithfully.
transferred - Answer -Chromosomes must be ______ and ___________ to the next
generation of cells faithfully.
before - Answer -Cells must copy DNA and separate the chromosomes ______ they
can divide.
the cell cycle - Answer -In somatic cells, the sequence of events of cell division is called
what?
coordinated - Answer -The chromosome cycle is ___________ with the cell cycle.
G1, S, G2, M - Answer -What are the four main phases to the cell cycle?
Cells grow to a minimum size required for the next stage - Answer -Describe what
happens in G1.
, DNA is copied, duplicating the chromosomes. The two sister chromatids remain
associated with one another. - Answer -Describe what happens in S.
The cell prepares for mitosis - Answer -Describe what happens in G2.
Sister chromatids are separated and a full set of chromosomes is moved to each pole of
the cell. - Answer -Describe what happens in M.
Condensed chromosomes - Answer -In condensed chromosomes, DNA appears as
large loops anchored near the middle of the chromosome.
Chromosomes composition - Answer -Chromosomes consist of DNA plus packaging
proteins that help condense the DNA into a smaller space and protect the genome.
Chromatin - Answer -The DNA-protein complex that makes up chromosomes is called
chromatin.
First packing stage of chromatin - Answer -Small positively-charged proteins bind to
counteract the negative charges on DNA backbone.
Bacterial chromatin packing - Answer -In bacteria, the first packing stage of chromatin
bends the DNA forming the nucleoid, and the bending induces supercoiling.
Basic binding proteins in eukaryotes - Answer -In eukaryotes, the basic binding
proteins are called histones.
Core histones - Answer -There are 4 core histones called H2A, H2B, H3, H4.
Amino acids in histones - Answer -Histones are rich in lysine and arginine due to
positive charges.
Polyploid - Answer -_________ cells have multiple sets of chromosomes and are
common in some plants.
liver - Answer -However, some human cells such as _____ cells are also _________.
polyploid - Answer -However, some human cells such as _____ cells are also
_________.
additional - Answer -Eukaryotic cells can have __________ DNA to the chromosomal
DNA found in the _______.
nucleus - Answer -Eukaryotic cells can have __________ DNA to the chromosomal
DNA found in the _______.
