Test Bank for Psychology 8th Edition by Hockenbury Answer
c c c c c c c c
Key At the End
c c c c
,1. One of the four basic goals of psychology is to:
c c c c c c c c c
a. listen to, counsel, and console people with problems.
c c c c c c c
b. apply the findings of animal research to abnormal behavior.
c c c c c c c c
c. control people. c
d. describe behavior and mental processes. c c c c
2. Wilhelm Wundt focused on:
c c c
a. nature versus nurture issues and interactive dualism.
c c c c c c
b. how brain damage contributes to mental illness.
c c c c c c
c. fundamental psychological processes, such as mental reaction times in response to visual and
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
d. the effects of mental illness on families.
c c c c c c
3. became the first major school of thought in psychology and relied on a method called introspect
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. Functionalism
b. Psychoanalysis
c. Behaviorism
d. Structuralism
4. The first African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology was:
c c c c c c c c c c
a. Mary Whiton Calkins. c c
b. Francis C. Sumner. c c
c. Edward B. Titchener. c c
d. G. Stanley Hall. c c
5. dominated American psychology beginning in the early 1900s.
c c c c c c c
a. Behavior
ism c
b. Psychoanalysis
c. Humanism
d. Structuralism
6. As one of the advocates of
c c c , developed a theory of motivation that emphasized psycholog
c c c c c c c c c
a. functionalism; G. Stanley Hall c c c
b. psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud c c
c. humanistic psychology; Abraham Maslow c c c
d. structuralism; Edward B. Titchener c c c
7. Which of the following titles would most likely be found in a research journal for neuroscience?
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. “Increased levels of the Hormone Testosterone Impact the Brain, Causing Increased Aggressive B
c c c c c c c c c c c c
Rats” c
b. “The Effects of Compliments on Helping Behavior”
c c c c c c
c. “Decreases in Social Functioning Can Be Reversed Through Increased Social Activities in the
c c c c c c c c c c c c
d. “Spacing Rehearsals During Learning Improves Long-Term Memory for Nonsense Syllables”
c c c c c c c c c
8. The perspective emphasizes studying how behavior is acquired or modified by environmental ca
c c c c c c c c c c c
a. psychodynamic
b. humanistic
c. behavioral
d. biological
,12. According to the “Science Versus Pseudoscience” box, which of the following items is NOT one of the
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
proponents of pseudoscience to give credibility to their claims?
c c c c c c c c c
a. shifting the burden of proof c c c c
b. use of irrefutable or nonfalsifiable claims c c c c c
c. combining unfounded claims with established scientific findings c c c c c c
d. use of the scientific method and replication of their findings by other scientists
c c c c c c c c c c c c
13. Professor Newberg decided to study preferences of senior adults, so he visited a local retirement villag
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
to participate in a lengthy survey. Professor Newberg's survey results are probably invalid because he
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. a valid hypothesis. c c
b. an operational definition. c c
c. independent and dependent variables. c c c
d. a representative sample of participants.
c c c c
14. Of the following correlation coefficients, which represents the weakest relationship between two facto
c c c c c c c c c c c c
A) –0.67
B) +0.53
C) +0.32
D) –0.12
15. Several correlational studies indicate that the more time students spend playing violent video games, th
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
tendency to engage in delinquent behavior. Based on this result, you would be justified in stating that
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. playing violent video games causes delinquent behavior. c c c c c c
b. there is a positive correlation between delinquent behavior and playing violent video games.
c c c c c c c c c c c c
c. there is a neT
gaetisvteB
coarnreklaftioorn P
bestywceheo
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c lednittvio
c idneobgyam
Heos cakndendbeluinrqyuent behavior.
c c c
d. the researchers were conducting pseudoscientific research.
c c c c c
16. Correlational research: c
a. can indicate causality in either a positive or a negative direction.
c c c c c c c c c c
b. provides the most compelling evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between two variabl
c c c c c c c c c c c
c. can reveal the degree to which two factors are related or co-vary in a systematic way.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
d. has been banned by the American Psychological Association since the 1960s, but it is still allo
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
17. Researchers at the United Family Therapy Center are conducting a study to determine how quickly sym
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
reduced by different forms of psychotherapy. What is the dependent variable in this study?
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. change in the symptoms of anxiety c c c c c
b. the method used to recruit participants for the study
c c c c c c c c
c. the type of psychotherapy used to treat anxiety
c c c c c c c
d. the number of participants receiving each type of psychotherapy
c c c c c c c c
18. Which of the following is a procedure that ensures that all participants have an equal chance of being a
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
experimental conditions?
c c
a. the double-blind technique c c
b. random assignment c
c. the single-blind technique c c
d. random selection c
19. In a study described in Chapter 1, psychologist Paul Solomon and his colleagues investigated the effec
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
biloba on memory, concentration, and other mental tasks. All participants in the study took a battery
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
beginningand end of the six-week study. The results showed that:
c c c c c c c c c c
a.test scores increased about the same for the participants in the experimental group and for the part
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
control group. c c
, 21. Psychologists are expected to abide by ethical principles regulating research with human participants; t
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
all of the following EXCEPT:
c c c c c
a. informed consent. c
b.deception.
c
c.confidentiality.
d.compulsory participation.
c c
22. According to the “Psych For Your Life: Successful Study Techniques” box in your textbook:
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a.multitasking while studying greatly enhances retention of content.
c c c c c c c c
b.taking notes on your laptop enhances retention of content, whereas taking notes by hand reduces r
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
c.practice tests must be multiple choice or short answer in order to enhance retention of material.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
d.distributed practice has a greater impact on retention and recall than massed practice.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
23. Which of the following statements about psychologists is true?
c c c c c c c c
a. They focus exclusively on treating psychological disorders and problems.
c c c c c c c c
b. They are interested in both normal and abnormal behaviors.
c c c c c c c c
c. All psychologists can prescribe medication.
c c c c
d. All psychologists have a doctorate in their field of study.
c c c c c c c c c
24. William Wundt: c
a.was Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson's mentor.
c c c c c c
b.proposed a doctrine called “interactive dualism”—the idea that mind and body were separate enti
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
c.was the founder of physiology—a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
d.defined psychology as the study of consciousness and emphasized the use of experimental metho
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
it.
25. Edward Titchener is associated with which early approach or “school” of psychology?
c c c c c c c c c c c
a.behaviorism
c
b.structuralism
c.functionalism
c
d.psychoanalysis
c
26. Mary Whiton Calkins:
c c
a.founded the first psychology laboratory in the United States at Yale University.
c c c c c c c c c c c
b. studied with Sigmund Freud and became the first female psychoanalyst in the United States.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
c. is best known for her pioneering research on comparative psychology and her book The Animal M
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
d. conducted research on personality, dreams, and memory, and was the first woman elected preside
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
Psychological Association.
c c
27. Sigmund Freud's school of thought, called “
c c c c c c ,” emphasized the role of unconscious conflicts in de
c c c c c c c c
and personality.
c c
a.structuralism
b.functionalism
c
c.psychoanalysis
c
d.behaviorism
c
28. Which of the following individuals was NOT a key scientist in the development of behaviorism?
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. Sigmund Freud c
b. Ivan Pavlov c
c. John B. Watson c c
c c c c c c c c
Key At the End
c c c c
,1. One of the four basic goals of psychology is to:
c c c c c c c c c
a. listen to, counsel, and console people with problems.
c c c c c c c
b. apply the findings of animal research to abnormal behavior.
c c c c c c c c
c. control people. c
d. describe behavior and mental processes. c c c c
2. Wilhelm Wundt focused on:
c c c
a. nature versus nurture issues and interactive dualism.
c c c c c c
b. how brain damage contributes to mental illness.
c c c c c c
c. fundamental psychological processes, such as mental reaction times in response to visual and
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
d. the effects of mental illness on families.
c c c c c c
3. became the first major school of thought in psychology and relied on a method called introspect
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. Functionalism
b. Psychoanalysis
c. Behaviorism
d. Structuralism
4. The first African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology was:
c c c c c c c c c c
a. Mary Whiton Calkins. c c
b. Francis C. Sumner. c c
c. Edward B. Titchener. c c
d. G. Stanley Hall. c c
5. dominated American psychology beginning in the early 1900s.
c c c c c c c
a. Behavior
ism c
b. Psychoanalysis
c. Humanism
d. Structuralism
6. As one of the advocates of
c c c , developed a theory of motivation that emphasized psycholog
c c c c c c c c c
a. functionalism; G. Stanley Hall c c c
b. psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud c c
c. humanistic psychology; Abraham Maslow c c c
d. structuralism; Edward B. Titchener c c c
7. Which of the following titles would most likely be found in a research journal for neuroscience?
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. “Increased levels of the Hormone Testosterone Impact the Brain, Causing Increased Aggressive B
c c c c c c c c c c c c
Rats” c
b. “The Effects of Compliments on Helping Behavior”
c c c c c c
c. “Decreases in Social Functioning Can Be Reversed Through Increased Social Activities in the
c c c c c c c c c c c c
d. “Spacing Rehearsals During Learning Improves Long-Term Memory for Nonsense Syllables”
c c c c c c c c c
8. The perspective emphasizes studying how behavior is acquired or modified by environmental ca
c c c c c c c c c c c
a. psychodynamic
b. humanistic
c. behavioral
d. biological
,12. According to the “Science Versus Pseudoscience” box, which of the following items is NOT one of the
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
proponents of pseudoscience to give credibility to their claims?
c c c c c c c c c
a. shifting the burden of proof c c c c
b. use of irrefutable or nonfalsifiable claims c c c c c
c. combining unfounded claims with established scientific findings c c c c c c
d. use of the scientific method and replication of their findings by other scientists
c c c c c c c c c c c c
13. Professor Newberg decided to study preferences of senior adults, so he visited a local retirement villag
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
to participate in a lengthy survey. Professor Newberg's survey results are probably invalid because he
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. a valid hypothesis. c c
b. an operational definition. c c
c. independent and dependent variables. c c c
d. a representative sample of participants.
c c c c
14. Of the following correlation coefficients, which represents the weakest relationship between two facto
c c c c c c c c c c c c
A) –0.67
B) +0.53
C) +0.32
D) –0.12
15. Several correlational studies indicate that the more time students spend playing violent video games, th
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
tendency to engage in delinquent behavior. Based on this result, you would be justified in stating that
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. playing violent video games causes delinquent behavior. c c c c c c
b. there is a positive correlation between delinquent behavior and playing violent video games.
c c c c c c c c c c c c
c. there is a neT
gaetisvteB
coarnreklaftioorn P
bestywceheo
nlpolagyyin8
gtvhioE
c lednittvio
c idneobgyam
Heos cakndendbeluinrqyuent behavior.
c c c
d. the researchers were conducting pseudoscientific research.
c c c c c
16. Correlational research: c
a. can indicate causality in either a positive or a negative direction.
c c c c c c c c c c
b. provides the most compelling evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between two variabl
c c c c c c c c c c c
c. can reveal the degree to which two factors are related or co-vary in a systematic way.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
d. has been banned by the American Psychological Association since the 1960s, but it is still allo
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
17. Researchers at the United Family Therapy Center are conducting a study to determine how quickly sym
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
reduced by different forms of psychotherapy. What is the dependent variable in this study?
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. change in the symptoms of anxiety c c c c c
b. the method used to recruit participants for the study
c c c c c c c c
c. the type of psychotherapy used to treat anxiety
c c c c c c c
d. the number of participants receiving each type of psychotherapy
c c c c c c c c
18. Which of the following is a procedure that ensures that all participants have an equal chance of being a
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
experimental conditions?
c c
a. the double-blind technique c c
b. random assignment c
c. the single-blind technique c c
d. random selection c
19. In a study described in Chapter 1, psychologist Paul Solomon and his colleagues investigated the effec
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
biloba on memory, concentration, and other mental tasks. All participants in the study took a battery
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
beginningand end of the six-week study. The results showed that:
c c c c c c c c c c
a.test scores increased about the same for the participants in the experimental group and for the part
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
control group. c c
, 21. Psychologists are expected to abide by ethical principles regulating research with human participants; t
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
all of the following EXCEPT:
c c c c c
a. informed consent. c
b.deception.
c
c.confidentiality.
d.compulsory participation.
c c
22. According to the “Psych For Your Life: Successful Study Techniques” box in your textbook:
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a.multitasking while studying greatly enhances retention of content.
c c c c c c c c
b.taking notes on your laptop enhances retention of content, whereas taking notes by hand reduces r
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
c.practice tests must be multiple choice or short answer in order to enhance retention of material.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
d.distributed practice has a greater impact on retention and recall than massed practice.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
23. Which of the following statements about psychologists is true?
c c c c c c c c
a. They focus exclusively on treating psychological disorders and problems.
c c c c c c c c
b. They are interested in both normal and abnormal behaviors.
c c c c c c c c
c. All psychologists can prescribe medication.
c c c c
d. All psychologists have a doctorate in their field of study.
c c c c c c c c c
24. William Wundt: c
a.was Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson's mentor.
c c c c c c
b.proposed a doctrine called “interactive dualism”—the idea that mind and body were separate enti
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
c.was the founder of physiology—a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
d.defined psychology as the study of consciousness and emphasized the use of experimental metho
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
it.
25. Edward Titchener is associated with which early approach or “school” of psychology?
c c c c c c c c c c c
a.behaviorism
c
b.structuralism
c.functionalism
c
d.psychoanalysis
c
26. Mary Whiton Calkins:
c c
a.founded the first psychology laboratory in the United States at Yale University.
c c c c c c c c c c c
b. studied with Sigmund Freud and became the first female psychoanalyst in the United States.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
c. is best known for her pioneering research on comparative psychology and her book The Animal M
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
d. conducted research on personality, dreams, and memory, and was the first woman elected preside
c c c c c c c c c c c c c
Psychological Association.
c c
27. Sigmund Freud's school of thought, called “
c c c c c c ,” emphasized the role of unconscious conflicts in de
c c c c c c c c
and personality.
c c
a.structuralism
b.functionalism
c
c.psychoanalysis
c
d.behaviorism
c
28. Which of the following individuals was NOT a key scientist in the development of behaviorism?
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a. Sigmund Freud c
b. Ivan Pavlov c
c. John B. Watson c c
