RVT Registry – Questions With Comprehensive
Solutions
Stroke volume accurate answer:- the amount of blood ejected with one
contraction
What is necessary to maintain blood flow accurate answer:- pressure
gradient
Lower resistance= accurate answer:- higher flow rate
Higher resistance= accurate answer:- lower flow rate
Inertia accurate answer:- the tendency of an object to resist a change in
motion
Laminar flow accurate answer:- a smooth pattern of flow, blood flows
in concentric layers
The longer the vessel___ accurate answer:- higher resistance, poor
pressure required to maintain flow
Viscosity accurate answer:- a liquid's resistance to flow, thickness
Increased viscosity= accurate answer:- decreased velocity
Decreased viscosity= accurate answer:- increased velocity
Low viscosity= accurate answer:- low hematocrit
What has the most effect on resistance accurate answer:- diameter
R= 8nl/ pi(r^4) accurate answer:- resistance equation
Inertial losses accurate answer:- change in direction and/or velocity
and increase with deviations from laminar flow
,V=qa accurate answer:- velocty=volume vlow (cm^3) x cross sectional
area (cm^2)
Poiseuille's equation accurate answer:- q = δp πr4/8l η or q=p/r
Ohm's law accurate answer:- v=ir
Reynolds number accurate answer:- >2000
Laminar flow becomes disturbed
Reynolds equation accurate answer:- re= vq2r/n
Velocity and pressure are ___ related accurate answer:- inversely
Flow separations may be caused by accurate answer:- changes in the
geometry of the vessel (with or without disease) or the direction of the vessel
What is steady flow a result of accurate answer:- steady driving
pressure that initiates movement of viscous fluid through a conduit
When there is steady flow in a rigid tube, energy losses are mostly ___
accurate answer:- viscous
Flow always moves along the path of ___ accurate answer:- least
resistance
Diastolic flow reversal is a hallmark of vessels that supply _____ -resistance
vascular beds. Accurate answer:- high
Flow reversal decreases with ___ accurate answer:- vasodilation
Vasodilation can be produced by accurate answer:- body heating,
exercise and stenosis
Flow reversal increases with accurate answer:- vasoconstriction
Low resistance flow is described as accurate answer:- flow of a
continuous(steady) nature throughout systole and diastole feeding a dilated
vascular bed
,What vessels are normally low resistance accurate answer:- internal
carotid, vertebral, renal, celiac, splenic and hepatic arteries
What vessels are normally high resistance accurate answer:- external
carotid, subclavian, aorta, iliac, extremity arteries and fasting superior
mesenteric artery
Proximal to a significant stenosis accurate answer:- monophasic flow,
decreased flow
Distal to a significant stenosis accurate answer:- reversal of flow
Exercise induces accurate answer:- vasodilation
Decreases reflection
Autoregulation does not function normally when accurate answer:-
perfusion pressure drops below critical level
Two or more stenotic lesions that occur in series have a ___ effect on volume
flow and distal pressure than a single lesion of equal total length accurate
answer:- greater
Post stenotic turbulence is characterized by accurate answer:- flow
reversals
Flow separations
Vortices
Eddy currents
Eddy current accurate answer:-
Volume flow equation accurate answer:- v=q/a
Claudication accurate answer:- pain in muscles with exercise but
subsiding with rest
Buttock claudication accurate answer:- suggests aortoiliac disease
, Thigh claudication accurate answer:- -suggests distal external iliac or
common femoral artery disease
Calf claudication accurate answer:- -suggests superficial femoral artery
or popliteal artery disease
Ischemic rest pain accurate answer:- symptom of critical ischemia of
the distal limb when the patient is at rest occur in the forefoot, heel and toes
but not in the calf
Tissue loss accurate answer:- -necrosis or death of tissue
-due to deficient or absent blood supply
Acute arterial occlusion accurate answer:- five p's
Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia and paralysis
May result from thrombus, embolism or trauma
Cold sensitivity accurate answer:- changes in skin color such a pallor
(paleness) cyanosis (blueish) or rubor (dark red)
Risk factors accurate answer:- diabetes
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Smoking
Age
Family history
Male gender
Why is smoking a risk factor accurate answer:- chemicals in cigarettes
irritate the endothelial lining of the arteries in addition to causing
vasoconstriction
Atherosclerosis accurate answer:- thickening, hardening and loss of
elasticity in the wall of the artery
Where does atherosclerosis occur? Accurate answer:- carotid
bifurcation, origins of the brachiocephalic vessel, or other bifurcation,
superficial femoral artery at the adductor canal and popliteal trifurcation
Solutions
Stroke volume accurate answer:- the amount of blood ejected with one
contraction
What is necessary to maintain blood flow accurate answer:- pressure
gradient
Lower resistance= accurate answer:- higher flow rate
Higher resistance= accurate answer:- lower flow rate
Inertia accurate answer:- the tendency of an object to resist a change in
motion
Laminar flow accurate answer:- a smooth pattern of flow, blood flows
in concentric layers
The longer the vessel___ accurate answer:- higher resistance, poor
pressure required to maintain flow
Viscosity accurate answer:- a liquid's resistance to flow, thickness
Increased viscosity= accurate answer:- decreased velocity
Decreased viscosity= accurate answer:- increased velocity
Low viscosity= accurate answer:- low hematocrit
What has the most effect on resistance accurate answer:- diameter
R= 8nl/ pi(r^4) accurate answer:- resistance equation
Inertial losses accurate answer:- change in direction and/or velocity
and increase with deviations from laminar flow
,V=qa accurate answer:- velocty=volume vlow (cm^3) x cross sectional
area (cm^2)
Poiseuille's equation accurate answer:- q = δp πr4/8l η or q=p/r
Ohm's law accurate answer:- v=ir
Reynolds number accurate answer:- >2000
Laminar flow becomes disturbed
Reynolds equation accurate answer:- re= vq2r/n
Velocity and pressure are ___ related accurate answer:- inversely
Flow separations may be caused by accurate answer:- changes in the
geometry of the vessel (with or without disease) or the direction of the vessel
What is steady flow a result of accurate answer:- steady driving
pressure that initiates movement of viscous fluid through a conduit
When there is steady flow in a rigid tube, energy losses are mostly ___
accurate answer:- viscous
Flow always moves along the path of ___ accurate answer:- least
resistance
Diastolic flow reversal is a hallmark of vessels that supply _____ -resistance
vascular beds. Accurate answer:- high
Flow reversal decreases with ___ accurate answer:- vasodilation
Vasodilation can be produced by accurate answer:- body heating,
exercise and stenosis
Flow reversal increases with accurate answer:- vasoconstriction
Low resistance flow is described as accurate answer:- flow of a
continuous(steady) nature throughout systole and diastole feeding a dilated
vascular bed
,What vessels are normally low resistance accurate answer:- internal
carotid, vertebral, renal, celiac, splenic and hepatic arteries
What vessels are normally high resistance accurate answer:- external
carotid, subclavian, aorta, iliac, extremity arteries and fasting superior
mesenteric artery
Proximal to a significant stenosis accurate answer:- monophasic flow,
decreased flow
Distal to a significant stenosis accurate answer:- reversal of flow
Exercise induces accurate answer:- vasodilation
Decreases reflection
Autoregulation does not function normally when accurate answer:-
perfusion pressure drops below critical level
Two or more stenotic lesions that occur in series have a ___ effect on volume
flow and distal pressure than a single lesion of equal total length accurate
answer:- greater
Post stenotic turbulence is characterized by accurate answer:- flow
reversals
Flow separations
Vortices
Eddy currents
Eddy current accurate answer:-
Volume flow equation accurate answer:- v=q/a
Claudication accurate answer:- pain in muscles with exercise but
subsiding with rest
Buttock claudication accurate answer:- suggests aortoiliac disease
, Thigh claudication accurate answer:- -suggests distal external iliac or
common femoral artery disease
Calf claudication accurate answer:- -suggests superficial femoral artery
or popliteal artery disease
Ischemic rest pain accurate answer:- symptom of critical ischemia of
the distal limb when the patient is at rest occur in the forefoot, heel and toes
but not in the calf
Tissue loss accurate answer:- -necrosis or death of tissue
-due to deficient or absent blood supply
Acute arterial occlusion accurate answer:- five p's
Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia and paralysis
May result from thrombus, embolism or trauma
Cold sensitivity accurate answer:- changes in skin color such a pallor
(paleness) cyanosis (blueish) or rubor (dark red)
Risk factors accurate answer:- diabetes
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia
Smoking
Age
Family history
Male gender
Why is smoking a risk factor accurate answer:- chemicals in cigarettes
irritate the endothelial lining of the arteries in addition to causing
vasoconstriction
Atherosclerosis accurate answer:- thickening, hardening and loss of
elasticity in the wall of the artery
Where does atherosclerosis occur? Accurate answer:- carotid
bifurcation, origins of the brachiocephalic vessel, or other bifurcation,
superficial femoral artery at the adductor canal and popliteal trifurcation
