PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS, 100% GUARANTEE
pharmacokinetics - relationship between drug dosage and concentration in plasma over
time, determines onset, duration, and intensity of drug
pharmacodynamics - relationship between drug concentration over time and therapeutic
response
chemical specificity for receptors - specificity between receptors and bonds, EX strict
structural requirements for binding
receptor saturability - only a finite number of receptors that can be occupied
receptor affinity - measure of attraction between drug and receptor
drug potency - dose required to have certain effect, related to affinity of receptor
ED50 - dose which produces 50% of maximum effect, used to compare drugs in terms of
potency
drug efficacy - maximal effect achievable for a drug, related to number of
receptor/complexes formed, intrinsic activity of drug in activating receptor
full agonist - affinity to, and full activator, of receptor (high intrinsic activity/efficacy),
increases activity above basal level of receptor where receptor has a constitutive (intrinsic basal)
level of activity in the absence of a ligand
inverse agonist - affinity to, and full activator of receptor (high intrinsic activity/efficacy),
but has exact opposite effect of full agonist (metoprolol), decreases activity below basal level of
, receptor where receptor has a constitutive (intrinsic basal) level of activity in the absence of a
ligand
partial agonist - affinity to receptor but only partially activates a receptor, produces less
than the ceiling effect of a full agonist
pure antagonist - affinity to receptor but produces no activation, dose curve is a straight
line across the bottom of an XY graph (EX oraverse vasodilates, overcoming the vasocontriction
of the LA)
neutral antgonist - has no activity in the absence of an agonist or inverse agonist but can
block either's activity
competitive antagonist - lacks efficacy, competes with agonists for binding sites,
inhibitory effect can be overcome by increasing concentration of competing agonist
every drug produces a variety of effects, we hope we can get separation from things we want and
adverse side effects, this is different for every patient -
know the second slide on page 10 of principles of drugs - which drugs is most potent,
least potenet, most efficient and least efficient
physiological antagonism - stimulates competing/opposite physiological responses which
counteract the effects of a therapeutic drug, the inhibitory effect can *NOT* be overcome by
increasing the agonist dosage (EX epi is used during anaphylaxis to produce physiological
responses instead of an antihistamine which is only a competing antagonist)
exam will ask you to explain interactions between drugs in reference to physiological
antagonism that were explained in lectures -
therapeutic index - the difference between a dose that produces a therapeutic effect and a
dose that produces a lethal toxicity, this has to do with a population
ANSWERS, 100% GUARANTEE
pharmacokinetics - relationship between drug dosage and concentration in plasma over
time, determines onset, duration, and intensity of drug
pharmacodynamics - relationship between drug concentration over time and therapeutic
response
chemical specificity for receptors - specificity between receptors and bonds, EX strict
structural requirements for binding
receptor saturability - only a finite number of receptors that can be occupied
receptor affinity - measure of attraction between drug and receptor
drug potency - dose required to have certain effect, related to affinity of receptor
ED50 - dose which produces 50% of maximum effect, used to compare drugs in terms of
potency
drug efficacy - maximal effect achievable for a drug, related to number of
receptor/complexes formed, intrinsic activity of drug in activating receptor
full agonist - affinity to, and full activator, of receptor (high intrinsic activity/efficacy),
increases activity above basal level of receptor where receptor has a constitutive (intrinsic basal)
level of activity in the absence of a ligand
inverse agonist - affinity to, and full activator of receptor (high intrinsic activity/efficacy),
but has exact opposite effect of full agonist (metoprolol), decreases activity below basal level of
, receptor where receptor has a constitutive (intrinsic basal) level of activity in the absence of a
ligand
partial agonist - affinity to receptor but only partially activates a receptor, produces less
than the ceiling effect of a full agonist
pure antagonist - affinity to receptor but produces no activation, dose curve is a straight
line across the bottom of an XY graph (EX oraverse vasodilates, overcoming the vasocontriction
of the LA)
neutral antgonist - has no activity in the absence of an agonist or inverse agonist but can
block either's activity
competitive antagonist - lacks efficacy, competes with agonists for binding sites,
inhibitory effect can be overcome by increasing concentration of competing agonist
every drug produces a variety of effects, we hope we can get separation from things we want and
adverse side effects, this is different for every patient -
know the second slide on page 10 of principles of drugs - which drugs is most potent,
least potenet, most efficient and least efficient
physiological antagonism - stimulates competing/opposite physiological responses which
counteract the effects of a therapeutic drug, the inhibitory effect can *NOT* be overcome by
increasing the agonist dosage (EX epi is used during anaphylaxis to produce physiological
responses instead of an antihistamine which is only a competing antagonist)
exam will ask you to explain interactions between drugs in reference to physiological
antagonism that were explained in lectures -
therapeutic index - the difference between a dose that produces a therapeutic effect and a
dose that produces a lethal toxicity, this has to do with a population
