ADULT ECHO REGISTRY EXAM (304 QUESTIONS)
AND ANSWERS 100% SOLVED
Which valve separates the areas of greatest pressure differences? –ANSWER: mitral valve
Which artery is the most anterior of all the great vessels? - ANSWER: Pulmonary Artery
What is paired with the LAD? - ANSWER: great cardiac vein
What leaflet of the AV are seen in Parasternal Long axis? - ANSWER: Right coronary cusp (ant) and
non-coronary cusp (post)
From the Left parasternal window, which of the following are you most likely to get accurate velocity
measurements?
LVOT, Aortic Stenosis, Pulmonary Artery, Mitral Regurgitation - ANSWER: Pulmonary artery
What are the TV leaflets? - ANSWER: anterior, septal, posterior
which view is the only one in which the posterior TV leaflet ahown? - ANSWER: Parasternal Long RV
Inflow Tract
In a Parasternal Long of the RVIT, red flow from the bottom of the screen would be? ANSWER: - blood
from the IVC
Where is the LAA seen on TTE? - ANSWER: Sometimes seen in Parasternal SAX at the AV level (center
far right) but better seen in ap 2ch
Where do the coronary arteries originate? - ANSWER: Sinuses of valsalva
During which phase do the coronaries fill? - ANSWER: Early diastole
What is the first structure seen when imaging from the suprasternal notch? - ANSWER: Aortic arch
What is the structure under the arch? - ANSWER: right pulmonary artery
What pathology is associated with bicuspid aortic valves? - ANSWER: coartctation of the aorta (50%of
the time)
Where do most coarctations occur? - ANSWER: after the origin of the subclavian artery (also known as
Aortic Isthmus
T or F. The superior LT and RT pulmonary veins are seen in apical 4 chamber. - ANSWER: true
Which other view would give you the same information as the parasternal LAX? - ANSWER: Apical
LAX
Which standard 2D TTE view typically allows viewing of the LAA? - ANSWER: Apical 2 chamber
Where is the coronary sinus located? - ANSWER: posterior AV groove
To visualize the coronary sinus in the Apical 4 chamber view, how should you tilt your transducer -
ANSWER: posterior angulation
, Where is the chiari network (system) located? - ANSWER: right atrium
What portion of the pulmonary venous PW Doppler represents atrial systole? - ANSWER: A wave,
below baseline
(right after comes S wave is systolic and D wave is diastolic, all above baseline)
What are conditions suited for TEE - ANSWER: prosthetic valves, Aortic dissection, Endocarditis,
intracardiac Source of Embolus?, Difficult to image chest wall
What safety problems are of concern with TEE? - ANSWER: Patient discomfort, airway compromise,
vagal response or other hemodynamic compromise, Electrical or temperature hazard, Esophageal or
tracheal trauma, transmission of infection
What is the normal range of frequencies for a TEE? - ANSWER: higher than 5-7 MHz
At what temperature is it unsafe to use a TEE probe? - ANSWER: 40-45 C (always pick highest)
What view would a mid esophageal 0 degree orientation give you? - ANSWER: 4 chamber
A TEE SAX at the aorta will have what degree orientation? - ANSWER: 60 degrees
At what TEE mid-esophageal orientation can a mitral comm view be obtained? - ANSWER: 70 degrees
What structure can be seen to the upper right in a TEE mid-esophageal 2 chamber view? - ANSWER:
Left upper pulmonary vein
What structure can be seen right and center in a TEE mid-esophageal 2 chamber view? - ANSWER:
LAA
At what TEE mid-esophageal orientation can a 2 chamber view achieved? - ANSWER: 90 degrees
T or F. A TEE Mid Esophageal LAX view can be seen at a 120 degree orientation. - ANSWER: true
Which AV leaflet is most posterior in a TEE image? - ANSWER: right coronary cusp
T or F. All Trans Gastric SAX views are done at a 90 degree orientation. - ANSWER: False. 0 degrees
Which is the only trans gastric view that is seen at 90 degrees? - ANSWER: LV 2 chamber
What it the normal electrical pathway of the heart? - ANSWER: SA node -> AV node -> Bundle of HIS ->
RT and LT Bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers
Where does the electrical impulse pause to prevent simultaneous contraction of the atria and
ventricles? - ANSWER: AV node
Where are special neuromyocardial cells (pacemaker cells) found? - SA node
Why the SA node primary pacemaker? - ANSWER: has the highest intrinsic rate of any cardiac tissue
(60-70/min)
AV node rate - ANSWER: 50/min
myocardium rate - ANSWER: 30/min
AND ANSWERS 100% SOLVED
Which valve separates the areas of greatest pressure differences? –ANSWER: mitral valve
Which artery is the most anterior of all the great vessels? - ANSWER: Pulmonary Artery
What is paired with the LAD? - ANSWER: great cardiac vein
What leaflet of the AV are seen in Parasternal Long axis? - ANSWER: Right coronary cusp (ant) and
non-coronary cusp (post)
From the Left parasternal window, which of the following are you most likely to get accurate velocity
measurements?
LVOT, Aortic Stenosis, Pulmonary Artery, Mitral Regurgitation - ANSWER: Pulmonary artery
What are the TV leaflets? - ANSWER: anterior, septal, posterior
which view is the only one in which the posterior TV leaflet ahown? - ANSWER: Parasternal Long RV
Inflow Tract
In a Parasternal Long of the RVIT, red flow from the bottom of the screen would be? ANSWER: - blood
from the IVC
Where is the LAA seen on TTE? - ANSWER: Sometimes seen in Parasternal SAX at the AV level (center
far right) but better seen in ap 2ch
Where do the coronary arteries originate? - ANSWER: Sinuses of valsalva
During which phase do the coronaries fill? - ANSWER: Early diastole
What is the first structure seen when imaging from the suprasternal notch? - ANSWER: Aortic arch
What is the structure under the arch? - ANSWER: right pulmonary artery
What pathology is associated with bicuspid aortic valves? - ANSWER: coartctation of the aorta (50%of
the time)
Where do most coarctations occur? - ANSWER: after the origin of the subclavian artery (also known as
Aortic Isthmus
T or F. The superior LT and RT pulmonary veins are seen in apical 4 chamber. - ANSWER: true
Which other view would give you the same information as the parasternal LAX? - ANSWER: Apical
LAX
Which standard 2D TTE view typically allows viewing of the LAA? - ANSWER: Apical 2 chamber
Where is the coronary sinus located? - ANSWER: posterior AV groove
To visualize the coronary sinus in the Apical 4 chamber view, how should you tilt your transducer -
ANSWER: posterior angulation
, Where is the chiari network (system) located? - ANSWER: right atrium
What portion of the pulmonary venous PW Doppler represents atrial systole? - ANSWER: A wave,
below baseline
(right after comes S wave is systolic and D wave is diastolic, all above baseline)
What are conditions suited for TEE - ANSWER: prosthetic valves, Aortic dissection, Endocarditis,
intracardiac Source of Embolus?, Difficult to image chest wall
What safety problems are of concern with TEE? - ANSWER: Patient discomfort, airway compromise,
vagal response or other hemodynamic compromise, Electrical or temperature hazard, Esophageal or
tracheal trauma, transmission of infection
What is the normal range of frequencies for a TEE? - ANSWER: higher than 5-7 MHz
At what temperature is it unsafe to use a TEE probe? - ANSWER: 40-45 C (always pick highest)
What view would a mid esophageal 0 degree orientation give you? - ANSWER: 4 chamber
A TEE SAX at the aorta will have what degree orientation? - ANSWER: 60 degrees
At what TEE mid-esophageal orientation can a mitral comm view be obtained? - ANSWER: 70 degrees
What structure can be seen to the upper right in a TEE mid-esophageal 2 chamber view? - ANSWER:
Left upper pulmonary vein
What structure can be seen right and center in a TEE mid-esophageal 2 chamber view? - ANSWER:
LAA
At what TEE mid-esophageal orientation can a 2 chamber view achieved? - ANSWER: 90 degrees
T or F. A TEE Mid Esophageal LAX view can be seen at a 120 degree orientation. - ANSWER: true
Which AV leaflet is most posterior in a TEE image? - ANSWER: right coronary cusp
T or F. All Trans Gastric SAX views are done at a 90 degree orientation. - ANSWER: False. 0 degrees
Which is the only trans gastric view that is seen at 90 degrees? - ANSWER: LV 2 chamber
What it the normal electrical pathway of the heart? - ANSWER: SA node -> AV node -> Bundle of HIS ->
RT and LT Bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers
Where does the electrical impulse pause to prevent simultaneous contraction of the atria and
ventricles? - ANSWER: AV node
Where are special neuromyocardial cells (pacemaker cells) found? - SA node
Why the SA node primary pacemaker? - ANSWER: has the highest intrinsic rate of any cardiac tissue
(60-70/min)
AV node rate - ANSWER: 50/min
myocardium rate - ANSWER: 30/min
