PHY 150 Astronomy Midterm NOVA exam with correct answers

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exam with correct answers |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) - correct answer✔✔Polish physician and lawyer who began
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the demolition of the geocentric model and the revolution in astronomical ideas that continues
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to this day. Created a heliocentric model in De revoluctions orbium ceolestium that explained
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retrograde motion and why Venus and Mercury never move very far from the sun. Also was |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




able to use geometry to determine each planet's distance from the sun
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Believed in Heliocentric |||\\\ |||\\\




Tycho Brahe - correct answer✔✔Danish astronomer whose observations showed the
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superiority of the heliocentric over the geocentric system and revealed the true shape of |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




planetary orbits. His observations suggested that the heavens were both changeable and more
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complex than was previously believed. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




geoheliocentric believer- provided an alternative to the Ptolemaic geocentric system |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Johannes Kepler - correct answer✔✔The young assistant to Brahe who was able to use the
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information from Brahe to get a detailed picture of the path of Mars that was not circular but |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




elliptical. (pencil and string with two thumbtacks creates an ellipse). Responsible for
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discovering shape of planetary objects and measured relative size of orbit. His discoveries of |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




the nature of planetary motions are expressed in what are known today as Keplers three laws.
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Came up with name satellites. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




he developed a heliocentric model
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Galileo Galilei - correct answer✔✔Italian scientist who was interested in celestial motion and
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all aspects of motion. Used the newly invented telescope to study astronomical objects. Did
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, not invent the telescope but was first to use it to study heavens. Discovered four moons of
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Jupiter.



contributions supported the heliocentric model. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Isaac Newton - correct answer✔✔deduced the law of gravity and discovered mathematical
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methods for calculating gravitational force of spherical body when no methods were then
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available. His discoveries still form the core for most of our understanding of gravity and the
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motion of bodies. Laws of motion and gravity.
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heliocentric



Aristotle - correct answer✔✔Started to give his observations about the universe. Taught that
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the sun and moon and other planets orbit the earth, creating the geocentric theory.
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Believed the earth was round? |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




Erathosenes - correct answer✔✔Greek Scholar, |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




invented longitude and latitude |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




He was able to calculate the circumference of the earth and calculate the earth's axial tilt with
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remarkable accuracy. |||\\\ |||\\\




Supported heliocentric theory |||\\\ |||\\\




William Herschel - correct answer✔✔One of the first professional astronomers who
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discovered infrared radiation. He developed cosmogony. |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\ |||\\\




He discovered Uranus. Introduced the term asteroid. Measured Mars's axial tilt.
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