ULL NURS 208 Test 3 || Errorless Answers 100%.
Pre-op correct answers Period of time before surgery. This can be months before or a day before;
it depends on the person and what is happening in their life
Intra-op (OR) correct answers During the surgery in the operating room
Post-op correct answers After surgery
Surgery correct answers The manual, intentional break in the integrity of the skin, mucous
membranes or epithelial lining of the body to examine, manipulate, or remove a body part for
diagnosis or treatment purposes
Diagnostic (Exploratory) correct answers Find out what is wrong or to find proof of what was
suspected. Exbiopsy of a mass in a breast
Curative or Ablative correct answers To cure or fix a problem; removable of a disease or
defected body part; the problem won't return
*Most surgeries aren't curative (Ex: appendectomy, Cholecystectomy)
Control correct answers Trying to do everything that can be done but can't guarantee total
success (some cancer surgery- could return years later,
CABG correct answers Open heart surgery; means they're going in and going around areas of
blockage around the heart, helpful at the time but don't generally cure the person by doing this,
life span of surgery is around 10 years.
Palliative correct answers Only do the surgery to relieve symptoms, can't sure or control
(Metastatic cancer, brain tumor pressing on an area affecting speech ability, etc)
,Prophylactic correct answers Preventive (mastectomy if know risk)
Restorative/ Reconstruction correct answers Try to return to normal function or appearance
(revise scars like keloids that don't heal correctly, rebuild after injuries such as severe facial
injuries) These are things that are done because they have medical reasons for them.
Cosmetic correct answers Pt wants to improve or change appearance and doesn't need it for
medical reasons; often insurance doesn't cover this.
Major surgery correct answers Longer duration, more complicated with inc. risk of
complications due to what they are operating on & length of time under anesthesia, prolonged
recovery, and inc. loss of blood; many types of surgeries are outpatient which lower the risk for
complications
Major Surgery correct answers CABG, organ transplant, removal of kidney are examples of
what?
Minor Surgery correct answers Lower risk and short duration to complete (not under anesthesia
for very long) less complicated and often done outpatient.
Minor Surgery correct answers Tonsils, adenoids, biopsy, laparoscopic, cholecystectomy are
examples of?
Elective
Non-elective
Emergency correct answers Types of surgeries based on urgency:
Elective correct answers Pt determines if and when surgery is done; it is no necessary to life but
improves life. Ex: Plastic sx (breast reduction)
,Non-elective correct answers In the best interest of the pt to have the surgery and not wait long;
not an emergency situations but beneficial to pt. Ex: Cholecystectomy for chronic gallbladder
disease, hip replacement
Emergency correct answers If pt does not have surgery they will die or have permanent damage.
Ex: surgeries to control internal hemorrhage or repair fracture
Prepare the pt/family for sx (before/after)
Mange surgical experience
Prevent/treat complications & problems
Always maintain safe environment and adhere to safety systems correct answers Nursing goals
during pre-op: (4)
Stress correct answers A stimulus or causes disrupted response that increases a pt's vulnerability
to illness. Makes a pt more likely to have more complications-infection, blood, clot, etc.
Selye's General Adaption Syndrome correct answers This is the body's non specific response to
stress. It is a chain of events. Our body is always trying to adapt.
Homeostasis correct answers Initially our body is in ____________ and is able to cope with
everyday stresses
GAS correct answers With major stressors, such as surgery, the body initiates ________ to cope
Alarm phase (stage 1) correct answers Initial reaction to the stress. Shock & countershock
Shock correct answers Short lives, autonomic nervous system is activated and pumps adrenaline
and cortisone into the system and we get the flight or flight feeling
Countershock correct answers Body changes from shock phase reversed (look at vital signs)
, Resistance (stage II) correct answers The body attempts to cope with stressors by using its
available resources and limit the effects to the smallest part of the body possible- keep isolated to
one area and prevent it from being systemic. If the body can't maintain this adaption for very
long then it will go to stage III
Exhaustion (stage III) correct answers When the bodys resources and energy stores are used up.
The effects of stress spread throughout the body and body either collapses or if they rest they can
return to normal. Alternative thing that could happen is death. While they are collapses they are
relying on us to take care of them
Energy levels & stores of individual (depends on stress level)
Severity of stressor (Major or minor)
External resources used (near hospital?) correct answers How the body reacts and if it is able to
cope with stress is effected by? (3)
Pupils dilate correct answers To increase visual perception when serious threats to the body arise
Diaphoresis correct answers Cool clammy and sweating profusely. Increases to control elevated
body heat due to inc. metabolism
Pale skin correct answers [Pallid] Because of constriction of peripheral blood vessels, an effect
of norepinephrine
Heart rate & cardiac output increase correct answers To transport nutrients and by-products of
metabolism more efficiently
Rate & depth of respirations increase correct answers R/T dilates bronchioles, promoting
hyperventilation
Improves correct answers In serious threats, mental alertness ______________.
Pre-op correct answers Period of time before surgery. This can be months before or a day before;
it depends on the person and what is happening in their life
Intra-op (OR) correct answers During the surgery in the operating room
Post-op correct answers After surgery
Surgery correct answers The manual, intentional break in the integrity of the skin, mucous
membranes or epithelial lining of the body to examine, manipulate, or remove a body part for
diagnosis or treatment purposes
Diagnostic (Exploratory) correct answers Find out what is wrong or to find proof of what was
suspected. Exbiopsy of a mass in a breast
Curative or Ablative correct answers To cure or fix a problem; removable of a disease or
defected body part; the problem won't return
*Most surgeries aren't curative (Ex: appendectomy, Cholecystectomy)
Control correct answers Trying to do everything that can be done but can't guarantee total
success (some cancer surgery- could return years later,
CABG correct answers Open heart surgery; means they're going in and going around areas of
blockage around the heart, helpful at the time but don't generally cure the person by doing this,
life span of surgery is around 10 years.
Palliative correct answers Only do the surgery to relieve symptoms, can't sure or control
(Metastatic cancer, brain tumor pressing on an area affecting speech ability, etc)
,Prophylactic correct answers Preventive (mastectomy if know risk)
Restorative/ Reconstruction correct answers Try to return to normal function or appearance
(revise scars like keloids that don't heal correctly, rebuild after injuries such as severe facial
injuries) These are things that are done because they have medical reasons for them.
Cosmetic correct answers Pt wants to improve or change appearance and doesn't need it for
medical reasons; often insurance doesn't cover this.
Major surgery correct answers Longer duration, more complicated with inc. risk of
complications due to what they are operating on & length of time under anesthesia, prolonged
recovery, and inc. loss of blood; many types of surgeries are outpatient which lower the risk for
complications
Major Surgery correct answers CABG, organ transplant, removal of kidney are examples of
what?
Minor Surgery correct answers Lower risk and short duration to complete (not under anesthesia
for very long) less complicated and often done outpatient.
Minor Surgery correct answers Tonsils, adenoids, biopsy, laparoscopic, cholecystectomy are
examples of?
Elective
Non-elective
Emergency correct answers Types of surgeries based on urgency:
Elective correct answers Pt determines if and when surgery is done; it is no necessary to life but
improves life. Ex: Plastic sx (breast reduction)
,Non-elective correct answers In the best interest of the pt to have the surgery and not wait long;
not an emergency situations but beneficial to pt. Ex: Cholecystectomy for chronic gallbladder
disease, hip replacement
Emergency correct answers If pt does not have surgery they will die or have permanent damage.
Ex: surgeries to control internal hemorrhage or repair fracture
Prepare the pt/family for sx (before/after)
Mange surgical experience
Prevent/treat complications & problems
Always maintain safe environment and adhere to safety systems correct answers Nursing goals
during pre-op: (4)
Stress correct answers A stimulus or causes disrupted response that increases a pt's vulnerability
to illness. Makes a pt more likely to have more complications-infection, blood, clot, etc.
Selye's General Adaption Syndrome correct answers This is the body's non specific response to
stress. It is a chain of events. Our body is always trying to adapt.
Homeostasis correct answers Initially our body is in ____________ and is able to cope with
everyday stresses
GAS correct answers With major stressors, such as surgery, the body initiates ________ to cope
Alarm phase (stage 1) correct answers Initial reaction to the stress. Shock & countershock
Shock correct answers Short lives, autonomic nervous system is activated and pumps adrenaline
and cortisone into the system and we get the flight or flight feeling
Countershock correct answers Body changes from shock phase reversed (look at vital signs)
, Resistance (stage II) correct answers The body attempts to cope with stressors by using its
available resources and limit the effects to the smallest part of the body possible- keep isolated to
one area and prevent it from being systemic. If the body can't maintain this adaption for very
long then it will go to stage III
Exhaustion (stage III) correct answers When the bodys resources and energy stores are used up.
The effects of stress spread throughout the body and body either collapses or if they rest they can
return to normal. Alternative thing that could happen is death. While they are collapses they are
relying on us to take care of them
Energy levels & stores of individual (depends on stress level)
Severity of stressor (Major or minor)
External resources used (near hospital?) correct answers How the body reacts and if it is able to
cope with stress is effected by? (3)
Pupils dilate correct answers To increase visual perception when serious threats to the body arise
Diaphoresis correct answers Cool clammy and sweating profusely. Increases to control elevated
body heat due to inc. metabolism
Pale skin correct answers [Pallid] Because of constriction of peripheral blood vessels, an effect
of norepinephrine
Heart rate & cardiac output increase correct answers To transport nutrients and by-products of
metabolism more efficiently
Rate & depth of respirations increase correct answers R/T dilates bronchioles, promoting
hyperventilation
Improves correct answers In serious threats, mental alertness ______________.
