Nursing 208 - Exam 2 || Answers 100% Rated Correct.
pharmacotherapeutics correct answers use of drugs to treat, cure, relieve, prevent, or diagnose
diseases
pharmacokinetics correct answers study of the metabolism and action of drugs with particular
emphasis on the time required for absorption, duration of action, distribution in the body, and
method of excretion
pharmacodynamics correct answers study of drugs and their actions on living organisms and how
they affect the body's cells
the four different names of drugs correct answers 1. chemical name - describes chemical makeup
(ex. acetylsalicylic acid)
2. generic name - given by developer; same as official name (ex. aspirin)
3. official name - name listed in the US pharmacopeia (USP); same as generic name (ex. aspirin)
4. brand, trade, or proprietary name - name under which other manufacturers market the drug
(ex. bayer, excedrin, anacin, etc.)
how are drugs classified? correct answers -characteristics of the drug
-symptoms relieved (ex. pain relievers)
-desired effect
aspirin can be classified as... correct answers 1. analgesic - relieves pain
2. antipyretic - reduces fever
3. NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory)
4. platelet clumping reducer
,why do people think aspirin is a blood thinner? correct answers it is an anticoagulant platelet
clumping reducer, like heparin and ASA; it is given to pts with heart problems
nursing implications correct answers -very important
-know how to monitor therapeutic effects, prevent & treat adverse effects, provide for comfort, &
instruct clients in safe use of medications
absorption correct answers the passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of
administration
oral route advantages correct answers -most convenient
-least expensive
-safe, doesn't break skin barrier
-administration usually doesn't cause stress
-some new oral meds are designed to rapidly dissolve on the tongue, allowing for faster
absorption & action
oral route disadvantages correct answers -inappropriate for pts with nausea or vomiting
-drug may have unpleasant odor/taste
-inappropriate when GI tract has reduced motility
-can't be used before certain diagnostic tests or surgical procedures
-drug may discolor teeth or harm enamel
-drug may irritate gastric mucosa
-drug can be aspirated by seriously ill pts
sublingual route advantages correct answers -same for oral, plus:
-drugs can be administered for local effect
-more potent than oral bc drug directly enters blood & bypasses the liver
,sublingual route disadvantages correct answers -if swallowed, drug may be inactivated by gastric
juice
-drug must remain under tongue until dissolved & absorbed; may cause stinging or irritation
-drug is rapidly absorbed into BS
buccal route advantages/disadvantages correct answers same as for sublingual
rectal route advantages correct answers -can be used when drug has objectionable taste or odor
-drug released at slow and steady rate
-provides local therapeutic effect
rectal route disadvantages correct answers -dose absorbed is unpredictable
-unpleasant
-limited use
vaginal route advantages correct answers -provides local effect
vaginal route disadvantages correct answers -may be messy & soil clothes
topical route advantages correct answers -few side effects
topical route disadvantages correct answers -drug can enter body through abrasions and cause
systemic effects
-leaves residue on skin that may soil clothes
transdermal route advantages correct answers -prolonged systemic effect
-few side effects
, -avoids GI absorption problems
-onset of drug action faster than oral
*no disadvantages
subcutaneous route advantages correct answers -absorption is slower (an advantage for insulin
and heparin administration)
subcutaneous route disadvantages correct answers -involves sterile tech. bc breaks skin barrier
-more expensive than oral
-can only administer a small volume
-slower than IM administration
-some drugs can irritate tissues and cause pain
-can produce anxiety
intramuscular route advantages correct answers -can administer larger volume than subcutaneous
-drug is rapidly absorbed
intramuscular route disadvantages correct answers -can produce anxiety
-breaks skin barrier
intradermal route advantages correct answers -absorption is slow (advantage in testing for
allergies)
intradermal route disadvantages correct answers -amount of drug administered must be small
-breaks skin barrier
intravenous route advantages correct answers -rapid effect
pharmacotherapeutics correct answers use of drugs to treat, cure, relieve, prevent, or diagnose
diseases
pharmacokinetics correct answers study of the metabolism and action of drugs with particular
emphasis on the time required for absorption, duration of action, distribution in the body, and
method of excretion
pharmacodynamics correct answers study of drugs and their actions on living organisms and how
they affect the body's cells
the four different names of drugs correct answers 1. chemical name - describes chemical makeup
(ex. acetylsalicylic acid)
2. generic name - given by developer; same as official name (ex. aspirin)
3. official name - name listed in the US pharmacopeia (USP); same as generic name (ex. aspirin)
4. brand, trade, or proprietary name - name under which other manufacturers market the drug
(ex. bayer, excedrin, anacin, etc.)
how are drugs classified? correct answers -characteristics of the drug
-symptoms relieved (ex. pain relievers)
-desired effect
aspirin can be classified as... correct answers 1. analgesic - relieves pain
2. antipyretic - reduces fever
3. NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory)
4. platelet clumping reducer
,why do people think aspirin is a blood thinner? correct answers it is an anticoagulant platelet
clumping reducer, like heparin and ASA; it is given to pts with heart problems
nursing implications correct answers -very important
-know how to monitor therapeutic effects, prevent & treat adverse effects, provide for comfort, &
instruct clients in safe use of medications
absorption correct answers the passage of medication molecules into the blood from the site of
administration
oral route advantages correct answers -most convenient
-least expensive
-safe, doesn't break skin barrier
-administration usually doesn't cause stress
-some new oral meds are designed to rapidly dissolve on the tongue, allowing for faster
absorption & action
oral route disadvantages correct answers -inappropriate for pts with nausea or vomiting
-drug may have unpleasant odor/taste
-inappropriate when GI tract has reduced motility
-can't be used before certain diagnostic tests or surgical procedures
-drug may discolor teeth or harm enamel
-drug may irritate gastric mucosa
-drug can be aspirated by seriously ill pts
sublingual route advantages correct answers -same for oral, plus:
-drugs can be administered for local effect
-more potent than oral bc drug directly enters blood & bypasses the liver
,sublingual route disadvantages correct answers -if swallowed, drug may be inactivated by gastric
juice
-drug must remain under tongue until dissolved & absorbed; may cause stinging or irritation
-drug is rapidly absorbed into BS
buccal route advantages/disadvantages correct answers same as for sublingual
rectal route advantages correct answers -can be used when drug has objectionable taste or odor
-drug released at slow and steady rate
-provides local therapeutic effect
rectal route disadvantages correct answers -dose absorbed is unpredictable
-unpleasant
-limited use
vaginal route advantages correct answers -provides local effect
vaginal route disadvantages correct answers -may be messy & soil clothes
topical route advantages correct answers -few side effects
topical route disadvantages correct answers -drug can enter body through abrasions and cause
systemic effects
-leaves residue on skin that may soil clothes
transdermal route advantages correct answers -prolonged systemic effect
-few side effects
, -avoids GI absorption problems
-onset of drug action faster than oral
*no disadvantages
subcutaneous route advantages correct answers -absorption is slower (an advantage for insulin
and heparin administration)
subcutaneous route disadvantages correct answers -involves sterile tech. bc breaks skin barrier
-more expensive than oral
-can only administer a small volume
-slower than IM administration
-some drugs can irritate tissues and cause pain
-can produce anxiety
intramuscular route advantages correct answers -can administer larger volume than subcutaneous
-drug is rapidly absorbed
intramuscular route disadvantages correct answers -can produce anxiety
-breaks skin barrier
intradermal route advantages correct answers -absorption is slow (advantage in testing for
allergies)
intradermal route disadvantages correct answers -amount of drug administered must be small
-breaks skin barrier
intravenous route advantages correct answers -rapid effect
