NURS 208: MIDTERM 2 || A+ GUARANTEED.
What are the 2 broad categories of respiration? correct answers external (gas exchange) and
internal respiration (energy production).
External respiration involves the correct answers diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the
circulating blood
External Respiration requires correct answers the lungs, cardiovascular system, and respiratory
muscles
What are the two divisions of the lungs? correct answers Conducting zone (i.e. no air exchange,
lacks alveolus)
Respiratory zone (i.e. with air exchange, has alveoli attached)
What is the bronchial tree within the lungs? correct answers branches of airways with air sacs
attached at their distal ends, the expansion of the airway creates about 8 million branches of
bronchioles
conducting zone structures correct answers R and L main bronchi, Lobar bronchi, Segmental
Bronchi, Terminal bronchioles
respiratory zone correct answers site of gas exchange between air and blood
respiratory zone structures correct answers respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs,
alveoli
what are the two main types of alveolar cells? correct answers Type I (pneumocystis) & Type II
(septal)
,Type I (pneumocystis) alveolar cells correct answers simple squamous cells that form the
alveolar wall where gas exchange occurs
Type II (septal) alveolar cells correct answers secrete alveolar fluid, secretion of surfactant,
repair
_________ cells can differentiate into _________ cells correct answers Type II, Type I
Other cell types in respiratory zone correct answers - alveolar macrophages (dust cells)
- epithelial basement membrane forming the underlying of alveolar cells
what is the purpose of alveolar macrophages? correct answers keep the alveolar clean and
remove dust particles and debris
the two major sets of muscle respiration correct answers inspiratory and expiratory
The muscles of inspiration correct answers diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, neck
muscles, nose
Inspiration Muscles: Diaphragm correct answers the main inspiration muscle, dome-shaped
connective tissue, separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, and its contraction
(inhalation) depresses the floor of the thorax (inferior movement)
Inspiration Muscles: external intercostals correct answers elevates the ribcage outward and
upward when contracted, increases thoracic volume, increases the X-sectional area and superior-
inferior dimension of the thoracic cavity
Inspiration muscles: neck correct answers scalenes - elevate the first and second ribs when
contracted.
, sternocleidomastoid - elevate sternum when contracted
Inspiration muscles: nose correct answers flaring of the nostrils
muscles of expiration correct answers internal intercostals and abdominal muscles
muscles of expiration: internal intercostal muscles correct answers depress rib cage when
contracted pulling rib cage downward
muscles of expiration: abdominal muscles correct answers push the diaphragm up when
contracted, depress the thoracic cavity by compressing abdomen
Expiration is usually a ______ process correct answers passive
diaphragm (inspiration muscles) relax and return to the ____________ correct answers resting
equilibrium position
Expiratory muscles are only involved during ______________________ correct answers forced
expiration
right and left pleural cavities correct answers contain the lungs and creates an artificial direct
linkage between the lungs and the thoracic cage
what are the functions of the pleura fluid? correct answers 1. Acts as lubricant between the two
pleural membranes during respiration
2. Helps hold the pleural membranes (parietal and visceral) together
What are the 2 broad categories of respiration? correct answers external (gas exchange) and
internal respiration (energy production).
External respiration involves the correct answers diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the
circulating blood
External Respiration requires correct answers the lungs, cardiovascular system, and respiratory
muscles
What are the two divisions of the lungs? correct answers Conducting zone (i.e. no air exchange,
lacks alveolus)
Respiratory zone (i.e. with air exchange, has alveoli attached)
What is the bronchial tree within the lungs? correct answers branches of airways with air sacs
attached at their distal ends, the expansion of the airway creates about 8 million branches of
bronchioles
conducting zone structures correct answers R and L main bronchi, Lobar bronchi, Segmental
Bronchi, Terminal bronchioles
respiratory zone correct answers site of gas exchange between air and blood
respiratory zone structures correct answers respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs,
alveoli
what are the two main types of alveolar cells? correct answers Type I (pneumocystis) & Type II
(septal)
,Type I (pneumocystis) alveolar cells correct answers simple squamous cells that form the
alveolar wall where gas exchange occurs
Type II (septal) alveolar cells correct answers secrete alveolar fluid, secretion of surfactant,
repair
_________ cells can differentiate into _________ cells correct answers Type II, Type I
Other cell types in respiratory zone correct answers - alveolar macrophages (dust cells)
- epithelial basement membrane forming the underlying of alveolar cells
what is the purpose of alveolar macrophages? correct answers keep the alveolar clean and
remove dust particles and debris
the two major sets of muscle respiration correct answers inspiratory and expiratory
The muscles of inspiration correct answers diaphragm, external intercostal muscles, neck
muscles, nose
Inspiration Muscles: Diaphragm correct answers the main inspiration muscle, dome-shaped
connective tissue, separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, and its contraction
(inhalation) depresses the floor of the thorax (inferior movement)
Inspiration Muscles: external intercostals correct answers elevates the ribcage outward and
upward when contracted, increases thoracic volume, increases the X-sectional area and superior-
inferior dimension of the thoracic cavity
Inspiration muscles: neck correct answers scalenes - elevate the first and second ribs when
contracted.
, sternocleidomastoid - elevate sternum when contracted
Inspiration muscles: nose correct answers flaring of the nostrils
muscles of expiration correct answers internal intercostals and abdominal muscles
muscles of expiration: internal intercostal muscles correct answers depress rib cage when
contracted pulling rib cage downward
muscles of expiration: abdominal muscles correct answers push the diaphragm up when
contracted, depress the thoracic cavity by compressing abdomen
Expiration is usually a ______ process correct answers passive
diaphragm (inspiration muscles) relax and return to the ____________ correct answers resting
equilibrium position
Expiratory muscles are only involved during ______________________ correct answers forced
expiration
right and left pleural cavities correct answers contain the lungs and creates an artificial direct
linkage between the lungs and the thoracic cage
what are the functions of the pleura fluid? correct answers 1. Acts as lubricant between the two
pleural membranes during respiration
2. Helps hold the pleural membranes (parietal and visceral) together
