HSC 343 Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update 2025-2026
What is the onset and duration of regular insulin? - Answers Onset: 0.5-1 hour
Duration: 6-10 hours
Humulin R
Regular insulin is a drug but it also is what our pancreas secrete
What is the onset and duration of NPH insulin? - Answers INTERMEDIATE ACTING
Onset: 1-2 hours
Duration: 16-24 hours
Humulin N, NPH
What are the S&S of an insulin overdose? - Answers hypoglycemia (weakness, sweating,
headache, ↑ HR, anxiety, tremor, mental/visual disturbances)
Insulin overdose is all due to what? - Answers hypoglycemic release of epinephrine, and
hypokalemia (insulin drives K+ from serum into cells).
How do you treat an insulin overdose? - Answers conscious give them something to eat such as
sugar
If a patient regularly takes insulin in the abdomen, how will the onset differ if taken in the arm? -
Answers The onset will take longer
Onset and duration of insulin Glargine - Answers LONG ACTING
Onset: 1 hour
Duration: 24 hours
Lantus
Onset and Duration of insulin Lispro - Answers RAPID ACTING
Onset: .25-.5 hour
,Duration: 3-6.5 hours
Humalog
Onset and Duration of insulin Aspart - Answers RAPID ACTING
Onset: 0.2-0.3 hour
Duration: 3-5
Aspart
Absorption from different anatomical
sites from insulin - Answers Insulin given SC. Absorption is greatest
from abdomen>arm>
thigh>hip.
How many injections do most people need per day? - Answers Most people need 2
injections/day of regular/NPH mixture.
What increases/decreases insulin need? - Answers Food, stress, and infection increase insulin
need
Exercise decreases insulin need
How to mix insulin - Answers When mixing Insulins, draw up the SHORT-ACTING insulin into the
syringe first, then NPH (which is cloudy insulin)
This way you will not contaminate the short-acting insulin with NPH!
Endocrine System MOA - Answers Hypothalamus (Releasing Hormone)
Pituitary
(Stimulating Hormone)
Endocrine Gland
(Effector Hormone)
Which insulin is cloudy? - Answers NPh
, What insulin can be given IV? - Answers Regular, Aspart, Lispro and Glulisine
Insulin Glargine (Lantus) - Answers Long-acting. Used for adults and children with type 1 DM, or
type 2 DM patients needing a long-acting insulin. Injected SC once daily at bedtime.
Insulin Glargine (Lantus) Risks - Answers Beware of hypoglycemia! Works better with people
who have a fix diet! Do not give IV, do not mix with other insulins
Insulin Aspart (Novolog) - Answers Rapid-acting. Absorbed faster than human insulin, also has a
more rapid onset (0.1-0.3 hours) and shorter duration (3-5 h). Should be used along with an
intermediate or long-acting insulin. Administer SC
Insulin Lispro (Humalog) - Answers Rapid-acting. Similar to aspart - for short-term glucose
management. Usually used with a long-acting or intermediate-acting prep.
Knock down post-prandial glucose
Taken within 10-20 min of a meal
Metformin - Answers Oral antidiabetes drug for type 2 diabetics that is widely used and have
many benefits
WATCH for liver and kidney functions, not something to take with someone who drinks alcohol
Go to drug if patient can take it
Metformin MOA - Answers Reduces GI absorbance of glucose and hepatic production of
glucose
Metformin SE - Answers GI upset, acidosis: if you have kidney problems or kidney failure this is
not a drug for you. Cannot be on this drug if heavy drinker
Metformin Benefits - Answers ↑ HDL, ↓ BP, weight loss (5 to 10 lbs) Do not use in patients with
reneal disease or liver disease; d/c before using iodinated radiocontrast media
When should you take a SHORT acting insulin? - Answers at meal time
When should you take a LONG acting insulin? - Answers at night
Acarbose - Answers Inhibit the enzymes that break down oligosaccharides into
monosaccharides
What is the onset and duration of regular insulin? - Answers Onset: 0.5-1 hour
Duration: 6-10 hours
Humulin R
Regular insulin is a drug but it also is what our pancreas secrete
What is the onset and duration of NPH insulin? - Answers INTERMEDIATE ACTING
Onset: 1-2 hours
Duration: 16-24 hours
Humulin N, NPH
What are the S&S of an insulin overdose? - Answers hypoglycemia (weakness, sweating,
headache, ↑ HR, anxiety, tremor, mental/visual disturbances)
Insulin overdose is all due to what? - Answers hypoglycemic release of epinephrine, and
hypokalemia (insulin drives K+ from serum into cells).
How do you treat an insulin overdose? - Answers conscious give them something to eat such as
sugar
If a patient regularly takes insulin in the abdomen, how will the onset differ if taken in the arm? -
Answers The onset will take longer
Onset and duration of insulin Glargine - Answers LONG ACTING
Onset: 1 hour
Duration: 24 hours
Lantus
Onset and Duration of insulin Lispro - Answers RAPID ACTING
Onset: .25-.5 hour
,Duration: 3-6.5 hours
Humalog
Onset and Duration of insulin Aspart - Answers RAPID ACTING
Onset: 0.2-0.3 hour
Duration: 3-5
Aspart
Absorption from different anatomical
sites from insulin - Answers Insulin given SC. Absorption is greatest
from abdomen>arm>
thigh>hip.
How many injections do most people need per day? - Answers Most people need 2
injections/day of regular/NPH mixture.
What increases/decreases insulin need? - Answers Food, stress, and infection increase insulin
need
Exercise decreases insulin need
How to mix insulin - Answers When mixing Insulins, draw up the SHORT-ACTING insulin into the
syringe first, then NPH (which is cloudy insulin)
This way you will not contaminate the short-acting insulin with NPH!
Endocrine System MOA - Answers Hypothalamus (Releasing Hormone)
Pituitary
(Stimulating Hormone)
Endocrine Gland
(Effector Hormone)
Which insulin is cloudy? - Answers NPh
, What insulin can be given IV? - Answers Regular, Aspart, Lispro and Glulisine
Insulin Glargine (Lantus) - Answers Long-acting. Used for adults and children with type 1 DM, or
type 2 DM patients needing a long-acting insulin. Injected SC once daily at bedtime.
Insulin Glargine (Lantus) Risks - Answers Beware of hypoglycemia! Works better with people
who have a fix diet! Do not give IV, do not mix with other insulins
Insulin Aspart (Novolog) - Answers Rapid-acting. Absorbed faster than human insulin, also has a
more rapid onset (0.1-0.3 hours) and shorter duration (3-5 h). Should be used along with an
intermediate or long-acting insulin. Administer SC
Insulin Lispro (Humalog) - Answers Rapid-acting. Similar to aspart - for short-term glucose
management. Usually used with a long-acting or intermediate-acting prep.
Knock down post-prandial glucose
Taken within 10-20 min of a meal
Metformin - Answers Oral antidiabetes drug for type 2 diabetics that is widely used and have
many benefits
WATCH for liver and kidney functions, not something to take with someone who drinks alcohol
Go to drug if patient can take it
Metformin MOA - Answers Reduces GI absorbance of glucose and hepatic production of
glucose
Metformin SE - Answers GI upset, acidosis: if you have kidney problems or kidney failure this is
not a drug for you. Cannot be on this drug if heavy drinker
Metformin Benefits - Answers ↑ HDL, ↓ BP, weight loss (5 to 10 lbs) Do not use in patients with
reneal disease or liver disease; d/c before using iodinated radiocontrast media
When should you take a SHORT acting insulin? - Answers at meal time
When should you take a LONG acting insulin? - Answers at night
Acarbose - Answers Inhibit the enzymes that break down oligosaccharides into
monosaccharides
