NUR 242 Exam 5 Questions and Graded Answers.
What is the purpose of the urinary and GI tract? - maintain proper elimination of bodily
waste to remain healthy
What is the primary function of the urinary tract? - eliminate waste and excess fluid from
the body in the form of urine
List 4 more functions of the urinary system: - - regulates levels of electrolytes
- produces hormones that are important for blood pressure regulation
- develops red blood cells
- helps to keep bones strong
List the route of urine (4 main steps): - - kidneys
- ureters
- bladder
- urethra
kidneys - 2 bean-shaped organs located below the ribcage, each adjacent to the spine
On average, the kidneys filter _____ to _____ quarts of blood to produce _____ to _____ quarts
of urine (a day). - 120-150
1-2
How many cups of urine can the bladder normally hold? - 2
urine - extra fluid and waste the body no longer needs
,ideally clear/light yellow without cloudiness
List 5 things that affect urine color, amount, or odor: - - medications
- exercise
- hydration status
- diet
- age
What are 2 affects of age on urine output? - - kidney function declines = decreased
frequency
- loss of bladder muscle tone = leakage, incontinence, or retention
What diet habits affect urine? (5) - - increase water = clearer urine
- beets = red tint
- food dyes
- asparagus = specific odor
- alcohol/caffeine = increase urine production
urinary retention - inability to empty the bladder
List the 3 sets of muscles that prevent incontinence: - - the urethra
- the bladder neck
- the pelvic floor
How does pregnancy affect incontinence? - increases pressure on the pelvic floor = pelvic
organ prolapse or nerve damage
What is BPH? - benign prostate hyperplasia
,noncancerous overgrowth of the prostate
causes constriction of the urethra
List 6 symptoms of BPH: - - frequent nighttime urination
- incontinence
- urinary frequency
- urinary retention
- urinary urgency
- weak or slow urinary stream
antidiuretics - minimize fluid loss by preventing urine production in the kidneys
diuretics - increase urination by increasing urine production in the kidneys
primarily used to reduce blood pressure but can also be used to treat heart failure and edema
List the types of urinary incontinence (6): - "surf on"
Stress
Urge
Reflex
Functional
Overflow
Nocturnal
, stress incontinence - coughing, sneezing, laughing, or physical activity that increases
pressure on the bladder
urge incontinence - strong urge to urinate, but leaking occurs before getting to the toilet
reflex incontinence - urinary leakage without warning or urge as a result of nerve damage
functional incontinence - physical inability to reach the toilet in time due to a physical
impairment such as being wheelchair bound or having arthritis of the hands making it difficult to
undress
overflow incontinence - incomplete bladder emptying which results in the bladder
overflowing when full
nocturnal enuresis - bedwetting, more common in children but can happen with adults if
they consume too much alcohol or caffeine at night
List 8 interventions for incontinence: - - improving diet and exercise
- reduce caffeine or alcohol intake
- avoid medications that cause urinary incontinence
- pelvic floor exercises
- bladder retraining
- medications
- catheterization
- pads, briefs, or waterproof undergarments
List 4 complications of urinary retention: - - UTIs
- bladder damage
- kidney damage
What is the purpose of the urinary and GI tract? - maintain proper elimination of bodily
waste to remain healthy
What is the primary function of the urinary tract? - eliminate waste and excess fluid from
the body in the form of urine
List 4 more functions of the urinary system: - - regulates levels of electrolytes
- produces hormones that are important for blood pressure regulation
- develops red blood cells
- helps to keep bones strong
List the route of urine (4 main steps): - - kidneys
- ureters
- bladder
- urethra
kidneys - 2 bean-shaped organs located below the ribcage, each adjacent to the spine
On average, the kidneys filter _____ to _____ quarts of blood to produce _____ to _____ quarts
of urine (a day). - 120-150
1-2
How many cups of urine can the bladder normally hold? - 2
urine - extra fluid and waste the body no longer needs
,ideally clear/light yellow without cloudiness
List 5 things that affect urine color, amount, or odor: - - medications
- exercise
- hydration status
- diet
- age
What are 2 affects of age on urine output? - - kidney function declines = decreased
frequency
- loss of bladder muscle tone = leakage, incontinence, or retention
What diet habits affect urine? (5) - - increase water = clearer urine
- beets = red tint
- food dyes
- asparagus = specific odor
- alcohol/caffeine = increase urine production
urinary retention - inability to empty the bladder
List the 3 sets of muscles that prevent incontinence: - - the urethra
- the bladder neck
- the pelvic floor
How does pregnancy affect incontinence? - increases pressure on the pelvic floor = pelvic
organ prolapse or nerve damage
What is BPH? - benign prostate hyperplasia
,noncancerous overgrowth of the prostate
causes constriction of the urethra
List 6 symptoms of BPH: - - frequent nighttime urination
- incontinence
- urinary frequency
- urinary retention
- urinary urgency
- weak or slow urinary stream
antidiuretics - minimize fluid loss by preventing urine production in the kidneys
diuretics - increase urination by increasing urine production in the kidneys
primarily used to reduce blood pressure but can also be used to treat heart failure and edema
List the types of urinary incontinence (6): - "surf on"
Stress
Urge
Reflex
Functional
Overflow
Nocturnal
, stress incontinence - coughing, sneezing, laughing, or physical activity that increases
pressure on the bladder
urge incontinence - strong urge to urinate, but leaking occurs before getting to the toilet
reflex incontinence - urinary leakage without warning or urge as a result of nerve damage
functional incontinence - physical inability to reach the toilet in time due to a physical
impairment such as being wheelchair bound or having arthritis of the hands making it difficult to
undress
overflow incontinence - incomplete bladder emptying which results in the bladder
overflowing when full
nocturnal enuresis - bedwetting, more common in children but can happen with adults if
they consume too much alcohol or caffeine at night
List 8 interventions for incontinence: - - improving diet and exercise
- reduce caffeine or alcohol intake
- avoid medications that cause urinary incontinence
- pelvic floor exercises
- bladder retraining
- medications
- catheterization
- pads, briefs, or waterproof undergarments
List 4 complications of urinary retention: - - UTIs
- bladder damage
- kidney damage
