N4410 Exam 2025 Questions with complete
solutions
The heart and other components of the circulatory system begin to develop from the
mesoderm during the ____ week of gestation and are completely forms by the _______
week.
fourth and eighth
cardiac output
the volume of blood ejected by the heart in 1 minute
contraction =
systole
relaxation=
diastole
mothers with a history of lupus erythematosus snd diabetes put at risk their child for
heart disease
What kids have a lot of heart defects?
Down syndrome
The heart begins to form at __ weeks gestation.
3
The heart beats at what day?
,28 days gestation
Normal fetal shunts are
the ductus venous, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus
a newborns and infants heart rate ranges from ______-_____ BPM
100-180
What are some of the causes of defects, contributing to the mother?
smoking, diabetic moms, HTN, medications (seizure meds), viruses (rubella/chicken pox)
The nurse is assessing a newborn and notices that the chest wall is sort of a barrel shape,
this finding is?
Normal
What are some diagnostic tests that can be completed when looking for abnormalities of
the heart and shunts?
cardiac enzymes (but usually not tested), x-ray, pulse ox, ECG, ECHO, holter monitor
Cardiac catheterization can be completed how?
usually through the right and left leg or sometimes even through the liver
Before a child goes to the cath lab for catheterization the nurse should prep how?
vitals, electrolyte monitoring, neuro checks, NPO (6hrs), pedal pulses, and aware of allergies
After the child returns from the cath lab the nurse should?
, take vitals every 15-30 mins, look at the dressing and assess, check for pulses, check color and
temperature of extremities especially legs, put on CLEAR liquid diet
Congenital heart disease can mainly be caused by what in kids?
viruses
Kids usually have ______ heart failure.
simultaneous
DO NOT feed tachypneic patients when their RR is
100-110
What is the main indicator of heart disease in children?
weight gain (from fluids)
the formula (formula)=
1 scoop of powder to 2oz of water
A patient has CHD what is the nursing care for this child?
PROMOTE rest, HOB raised or put in a bouncy seat, limit volumes in formula, NG tube (if baby
because they loose energy quickly when feeding), CAN use breast milk but put it in a bottle,
monitor oxygen, medications (Digoxin and Lasix)
What are the two main drugs given for CHD?
Digoxin (slows HR and improves contractility and Lasix (gets rid of excess fluids)
Why are shunt defects seen so often in premies?
solutions
The heart and other components of the circulatory system begin to develop from the
mesoderm during the ____ week of gestation and are completely forms by the _______
week.
fourth and eighth
cardiac output
the volume of blood ejected by the heart in 1 minute
contraction =
systole
relaxation=
diastole
mothers with a history of lupus erythematosus snd diabetes put at risk their child for
heart disease
What kids have a lot of heart defects?
Down syndrome
The heart begins to form at __ weeks gestation.
3
The heart beats at what day?
,28 days gestation
Normal fetal shunts are
the ductus venous, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus
a newborns and infants heart rate ranges from ______-_____ BPM
100-180
What are some of the causes of defects, contributing to the mother?
smoking, diabetic moms, HTN, medications (seizure meds), viruses (rubella/chicken pox)
The nurse is assessing a newborn and notices that the chest wall is sort of a barrel shape,
this finding is?
Normal
What are some diagnostic tests that can be completed when looking for abnormalities of
the heart and shunts?
cardiac enzymes (but usually not tested), x-ray, pulse ox, ECG, ECHO, holter monitor
Cardiac catheterization can be completed how?
usually through the right and left leg or sometimes even through the liver
Before a child goes to the cath lab for catheterization the nurse should prep how?
vitals, electrolyte monitoring, neuro checks, NPO (6hrs), pedal pulses, and aware of allergies
After the child returns from the cath lab the nurse should?
, take vitals every 15-30 mins, look at the dressing and assess, check for pulses, check color and
temperature of extremities especially legs, put on CLEAR liquid diet
Congenital heart disease can mainly be caused by what in kids?
viruses
Kids usually have ______ heart failure.
simultaneous
DO NOT feed tachypneic patients when their RR is
100-110
What is the main indicator of heart disease in children?
weight gain (from fluids)
the formula (formula)=
1 scoop of powder to 2oz of water
A patient has CHD what is the nursing care for this child?
PROMOTE rest, HOB raised or put in a bouncy seat, limit volumes in formula, NG tube (if baby
because they loose energy quickly when feeding), CAN use breast milk but put it in a bottle,
monitor oxygen, medications (Digoxin and Lasix)
What are the two main drugs given for CHD?
Digoxin (slows HR and improves contractility and Lasix (gets rid of excess fluids)
Why are shunt defects seen so often in premies?
