NUTR 3330 Midterm #3 Questions and Graded Answer
What are phytochemicals? - - chemicals founds in plants
- proposed to contribute toward disease prevention
What are some examples of phytochemicals? - - allicine, flavonoids, phytoestrogens,
catechine, lycopene, glucosinolates
What are polyphenols? - - most numerous and ubiquitous groups of plant metabolites
- ubiquitous in all plant organs
What are plant polyphenols? - - common structural feature include an aromatic ring w at
least 1 hydroxyl group
- derived from phenylalanine
What is the function of plant polyphenols? - - essential to plant physiology
- contribute to plant morphology
- involved in growth and reproduction of the plant
- provide plants w resistance to pathogens and predators
- protect crops from plague and pre-harvest seed germination
- several industrial applications
What are the 4 classes of plant polyphenols? - - phenolic acids
- flavonoids
- stilbenes
- lignans
How do the plant polyphenols differ? - - based on the # of phenol rings and the structural
elements that bind these rings to one another
, What influences the amount of polyphenols in plants? - - light
- genetic factors
- environmental conditions
- degree of ripeness
- variety
- processing
- storage
How do polyphenols affect food? - - contribute toward the sensory qualities
- bitterness, astringency, colour, flavour, odor., oxidative stability
Why are polyphenols considered "anti-nutrients"? - - they interfere w bioavailability
- MACRONUTRIENTS: bind protein to reduce absorption, increased fecal nitrogen
- MICRONUTRIENTS: form complexes w many minerals and reduce absorption
How can polyphenols structure not affect macronutrients? - - polyphenol must be highly
polymerized and have low molecular weight
Who discovered flavonoids? - - They were discovered by Rusznyak and Szent-Gyorgi and
was labelled as vitamin p for pigment
What did Rusznyak and Szent-Gyorgi discover about flavonoids? - - they enhanced the
function of vitamin C, improved absorption and protected it from oxidation
What are flavonoids? - - low molecular weight polyphenolic substances
- most common group of plant polyphenols
What are phytochemicals? - - chemicals founds in plants
- proposed to contribute toward disease prevention
What are some examples of phytochemicals? - - allicine, flavonoids, phytoestrogens,
catechine, lycopene, glucosinolates
What are polyphenols? - - most numerous and ubiquitous groups of plant metabolites
- ubiquitous in all plant organs
What are plant polyphenols? - - common structural feature include an aromatic ring w at
least 1 hydroxyl group
- derived from phenylalanine
What is the function of plant polyphenols? - - essential to plant physiology
- contribute to plant morphology
- involved in growth and reproduction of the plant
- provide plants w resistance to pathogens and predators
- protect crops from plague and pre-harvest seed germination
- several industrial applications
What are the 4 classes of plant polyphenols? - - phenolic acids
- flavonoids
- stilbenes
- lignans
How do the plant polyphenols differ? - - based on the # of phenol rings and the structural
elements that bind these rings to one another
, What influences the amount of polyphenols in plants? - - light
- genetic factors
- environmental conditions
- degree of ripeness
- variety
- processing
- storage
How do polyphenols affect food? - - contribute toward the sensory qualities
- bitterness, astringency, colour, flavour, odor., oxidative stability
Why are polyphenols considered "anti-nutrients"? - - they interfere w bioavailability
- MACRONUTRIENTS: bind protein to reduce absorption, increased fecal nitrogen
- MICRONUTRIENTS: form complexes w many minerals and reduce absorption
How can polyphenols structure not affect macronutrients? - - polyphenol must be highly
polymerized and have low molecular weight
Who discovered flavonoids? - - They were discovered by Rusznyak and Szent-Gyorgi and
was labelled as vitamin p for pigment
What did Rusznyak and Szent-Gyorgi discover about flavonoids? - - they enhanced the
function of vitamin C, improved absorption and protected it from oxidation
What are flavonoids? - - low molecular weight polyphenolic substances
- most common group of plant polyphenols
