Test Bank for Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice, 4th Edition by Butts & Rich – All 26 Chapters (2024)

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, Chapter 1 – Philosophy of Science: An Introduction []i []i []i []i []i []i []i




1. Why are natural sciences also referred to as ―pure‖ sciences?
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A. They are considered stand-alone bodies of unique knowledge.
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B. They are the only sciences to which the scientific method can be applied.
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C. They are the original sciences upon which all others are based.
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D. They are not affected by subjectivity in the way other sciences are.
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Ans: [ ] i A


2. Which is not an example of an applied science as used in health care today?
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A. Social work []i




B. Psychotherapy
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D. Pathology i][




Ans: [ ] i D
3. Roberta firmly believes that individual experiences are the source of all knowledge in t
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heworld. As a scientist, she acknowledges her role as a participant in the experiments she
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performs and does consider herself merely a disconnected observer of phenomenon.
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Roberta’s views are most closTeE
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l of scientific thought?
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A. Natural Science []i




B. Human Science []i




C. Applied Science []i




D. Soft Science []i i][




Ans: [ ] i B
4. What is the ultimate goal of the scientific method?
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A. Application of scientific results to a related body of knowledge in order to meet so
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metype of human need.
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B. Examination of the decisions made by a scientist to understand the ways in whi []i []i []i []i []i []i []i []i []i []i []i []i []i




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, chsubjectivity was introduced to the experiment.
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C. Reproducible experimental results that do not take researcher individuality into account.
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D. Improving the situation or process used in the experiment to yield more accurate resul
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tsin repeat experiments.
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Ans: [ ] i C




5. Which of the following best describes the aim of natural sciences?
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A. Affirmation of the importance of cultural understanding by uncovering the comm
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onsubjective biases of different disciplines.
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B. Improvement of the quality of life by understanding what helps people maximize th []i []i []i []i []i []i []i []i []i []i []i []i




eirfunctional abilities.
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C. Utilization of knowledge by applying it to a specific purpose in order to better a situati
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onor change viewpoints.
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D. Development of knowledge for the sake of developing knowledge, discovering truth, a[]i []i []i []i []i []i []i []i []i []i []i




ndcontrolling outcomes.
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Ans: [ ] i D


6. Gretchen and Peter are graduate students in the same Physics lab. Their supervisor ha
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s asked both of them to perform the same experiment using the same procedure and equi
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pment. [ ] i After they’ve both completed their task, the compare their results and discovert
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hat they are nearly identical. Which of the five criteria for science does Gretchen and
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Peter’s discovery exemplify? []i []i




A. Intersubjective testability []i




B. Reliability
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D. Coherence


Ans: [ ] i A

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