NUTR 3330 Midterm #3 Exam Questions And
Answers A+ Graded
What are phytochemicals? - ANSWER - chemicals founds in plants
- proposed to contribute toward disease prevention
What are some examples of phytochemicals? - ANSWER - allicine, flavonoids,
phytoestrogens, catechine, lycopene, glucosinolates
What are polyphenols? - ANSWER - most numerous and ubiquitous groups of plant
metabolites
- ubiquitous in all plant organs
What are plant polyphenols? - ANSWER - common structural feature include an aromatic
ring w at least 1 hydroxyl group
- derived from phenylalanine
What is the function of plant polyphenols? - ANSWER - essential to plant physiology
- contribute to plant morphology
- involved in growth and reproduction of the plant
- provide plants w resistance to pathogens and predators
- protect crops from plague and pre-harvest seed germination
- several industrial applications
What are the 4 classes of plant polyphenols? - ANSWER - phenolic acids
- flavonoids
- stilbenes
- lignans
How do the plant polyphenols differ? - ANSWER - based on the # of phenol rings and the
structural elements that bind these rings to one another
What influences the amount of polyphenols in plants? - ANSWER - light
- genetic factors
- environmental conditions
, - degree of ripeness
- variety
- processing
- storage
How do polyphenols affect food? - ANSWER - contribute toward the sensory qualities
- bitterness, astringency, colour, flavour, odor., oxidative stability
Why are polyphenols considered "anti-nutrients"? - ANSWER - they interfere w
bioavailability
- MACRONUTRIENTS: bind protein to reduce absorption, increased fecal nitrogen
- MICRONUTRIENTS: form complexes w many minerals and reduce absorption
How can polyphenols structure not affect macronutrients? - ANSWER - polyphenol must
be highly polymerized and have low molecular weight
Who discovered flavonoids? - ANSWER - They were discovered by Rusznyak and
Szent-Gyorgi and was labelled as vitamin p for pigment
What did Rusznyak and Szent-Gyorgi discover about flavonoids? - ANSWER - they
enhanced the function of vitamin C, improved absorption and protected it from oxidation
What are flavonoids? - ANSWER - low molecular weight polyphenolic substances
- most common group of plant polyphenols
What are the 6 major subclasses of flavonoids? - ANSWER - flavones, flavonols,
flavanones, flavanols, anthocyanis, isoflavones
**based on variations in the C-ring
What are flavonoids distribution in plants? - ANSWER - located mainly in the leaves,
flowers and outer parts of the plant
- decreased concentration toward the central core
- only trace amount found in plant parts below the soil surface
how are flavonoids distributed in foods? - ANSWER - in many foods
- the amount of flavonoids in food can vary considerably
Answers A+ Graded
What are phytochemicals? - ANSWER - chemicals founds in plants
- proposed to contribute toward disease prevention
What are some examples of phytochemicals? - ANSWER - allicine, flavonoids,
phytoestrogens, catechine, lycopene, glucosinolates
What are polyphenols? - ANSWER - most numerous and ubiquitous groups of plant
metabolites
- ubiquitous in all plant organs
What are plant polyphenols? - ANSWER - common structural feature include an aromatic
ring w at least 1 hydroxyl group
- derived from phenylalanine
What is the function of plant polyphenols? - ANSWER - essential to plant physiology
- contribute to plant morphology
- involved in growth and reproduction of the plant
- provide plants w resistance to pathogens and predators
- protect crops from plague and pre-harvest seed germination
- several industrial applications
What are the 4 classes of plant polyphenols? - ANSWER - phenolic acids
- flavonoids
- stilbenes
- lignans
How do the plant polyphenols differ? - ANSWER - based on the # of phenol rings and the
structural elements that bind these rings to one another
What influences the amount of polyphenols in plants? - ANSWER - light
- genetic factors
- environmental conditions
, - degree of ripeness
- variety
- processing
- storage
How do polyphenols affect food? - ANSWER - contribute toward the sensory qualities
- bitterness, astringency, colour, flavour, odor., oxidative stability
Why are polyphenols considered "anti-nutrients"? - ANSWER - they interfere w
bioavailability
- MACRONUTRIENTS: bind protein to reduce absorption, increased fecal nitrogen
- MICRONUTRIENTS: form complexes w many minerals and reduce absorption
How can polyphenols structure not affect macronutrients? - ANSWER - polyphenol must
be highly polymerized and have low molecular weight
Who discovered flavonoids? - ANSWER - They were discovered by Rusznyak and
Szent-Gyorgi and was labelled as vitamin p for pigment
What did Rusznyak and Szent-Gyorgi discover about flavonoids? - ANSWER - they
enhanced the function of vitamin C, improved absorption and protected it from oxidation
What are flavonoids? - ANSWER - low molecular weight polyphenolic substances
- most common group of plant polyphenols
What are the 6 major subclasses of flavonoids? - ANSWER - flavones, flavonols,
flavanones, flavanols, anthocyanis, isoflavones
**based on variations in the C-ring
What are flavonoids distribution in plants? - ANSWER - located mainly in the leaves,
flowers and outer parts of the plant
- decreased concentration toward the central core
- only trace amount found in plant parts below the soil surface
how are flavonoids distributed in foods? - ANSWER - in many foods
- the amount of flavonoids in food can vary considerably
