Fundamental Concepts and Skills for Nursing Chapter 1

Fundamental Concepts and Skills for Nursing Chapter 1 Florence Nightingale - -Improved ventilation, sanitation, and nutrition. Reduced death rate from 60% to 1% due to her findings. Opened first nursing school outside a hospital in 1860. Made rounds at night to the soldier carrying her oil lamp, which then became symbol for nursing. Clara Barton - -Founded the American Red Cross. Took volunteers into field hospitals of both armies. Dorothea Dix - -Organized woman to provide nursing care to soldiers which these workers were similar to CNA's of today. Mary E. Mahoney - -Promoted fair treatment of African Americans. First African American graduated nurse. Lillian Wald - -She took nursing out into the community, and in 1893, she and Mary Brewster established The Henry Street Settlement. Nursing Process (A.D.P.I.E) - -Assessment (take vitals) Diagnose Plan Treatment (interventions) Evaluate Roles of the LPN - -To give care To educate To collaborate To manage Main levels of healthcare - -Preventative/Primary (preventing sickeness by washing hands) Secondary (ER trip, mammogram) Tertiary (LTC facility, rehab, chemo) Goals in Nursing - - Promoting wellness Preventing Illness Facilitate coping Restoring health NURS 254 NURS 254 NURS 254 Young Woman's Club Association (YWCA) - -Started first official school for LPN and this was a 3 month course. Roles as a Nurse - -To give Care To educate To collaborate To delegate tasks Nurse Theory - -Term given to the body of knowledge that is used to support nurse practice -Nursing Practice -Idea -Research -Theory Invasive Procedures - -Procedures that require entry into the body Aseptically - -Without introducing infection Interventions - -Actions taken to improve, maintain, or restore health or prevent illness Evidence-based learning - -Nursing care that uses best research evidence coupled with clinical expertise considering value of patient. Apprenticeship - -Learning by doing Practice Acts - -Practice acts defines activities in which nurses may engage, state legal requirements, and establish education needed for license. Implement - -to put into action Transition to Practice - -A program for newly licensed nurses involving a minimum 6 month mentored experience and ongoing support during first year of nurse practice Health maintenance organization (HMO) - -A type of group practice enroll patients for a set fee per month *Goal is to keep patients healthy & out of the hospital Captivated Cost - -Paid at set fee for every patient enrolled in net work each year Diagnose Related Groups (DRG) - -Hospital receives set amount of money for a patient who is hospitalized with a certain Dx. *Created in 1983 by medicare to contain rising health care costs NURS 254 Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) - -Large business and insured groups may contract with PPO. Patients resent having to see primary health care provider before seeing other specialists. *Offer discount on fees in return for a large pool of patients Clinical Practice Guidelines - -The product of evidence based research, and they serve as a way for nurses to implement evidence based practices Total Patient Care - -One nurse carried out all nursing functions for the patient including med passing Team Nursing - -RN is in charge of LPN & NA; LPN is in charge of NA & delegates tasks to the NA. Relationship based care - -1.) Relationship between nurse & patient 2.) Nurse relationship with self 3.) Relationship among team