VTPB 221 MEASLES STUDY GUIDE
Measels
-respiratory disease which has caused significant mortality
-originally zoonotic, but there's no current animal reservoirs
-at some point measles was considered benign
-after recovery, lifelong immunity
-not yet eradicated or under control
Measles Fatality Rate
0.01 in developed countries
5% in developing countries
measles virus (MeV)
-member of the paramyxoviridae family
-enveloped SSRNA virus
other diseases in the Paramyxoviridae family
RSV, mumps, rinderpest, canine distemper, PPRV, nipah
measles membrane structure
lipid membrane virus
origin of measles
-reinderpest virus is likely the closest related to measels
-MeV is thereby of zoonotic origin, following neolithic period with cattle contact
-virus progressively adapted to humans in endemic arises with dense populations
(250,000-500,000 people)
history of measles
-no description of measles in the works of hippocrtites and galen, although the disease
may have been reported in Indian texts several centuries before
-likely confused with other eruptive fevers
first measles description
, by Rhazes who was the chief physician at a hospital in Baghdad
Measles spread
-widespread in Europe and south and east Asia in the Middle Ages
-in England and scotland in the 17th cen
-great Britain and Europe throughout the 18th-20th cen
-worldwide spread and even in Cuba, Honduras , Brazil, Oregon, California
-moved with populations
native islanders effected by measles
north atlantic and pacific islands were infected and caused significant mortality in native
populations
impact of measles in the US army
-during the civil war killed 4246 union soldiers and others
-fatality rate ranged from 6% in white soldiers to 11% in African soilders
-postwar measles was a problem in recruitment camps
-1917/1918: more than 95,000 cases and 3000 deaths
John Anderson and Joseph Goldberger
transmitted measles to rhesus monkeys, resulting in a discrete rash with a febrile peak
identification of measles
virus was culture's in 1930s-1940s in chicken embryos
John Franklin enders and Thomas chalmers
pebble cultured nasopharyngeal and blood samples from a 11 yr old child on a human
kidney cell structure
-then injected the culture into monkeys which then developed rashes and mild measles
How does measles spread?
-via respiratory route
-aerosolized droplets
is surface contamination a route of transmission for measles?
no, not significant source of infection
measles R0
Measels
-respiratory disease which has caused significant mortality
-originally zoonotic, but there's no current animal reservoirs
-at some point measles was considered benign
-after recovery, lifelong immunity
-not yet eradicated or under control
Measles Fatality Rate
0.01 in developed countries
5% in developing countries
measles virus (MeV)
-member of the paramyxoviridae family
-enveloped SSRNA virus
other diseases in the Paramyxoviridae family
RSV, mumps, rinderpest, canine distemper, PPRV, nipah
measles membrane structure
lipid membrane virus
origin of measles
-reinderpest virus is likely the closest related to measels
-MeV is thereby of zoonotic origin, following neolithic period with cattle contact
-virus progressively adapted to humans in endemic arises with dense populations
(250,000-500,000 people)
history of measles
-no description of measles in the works of hippocrtites and galen, although the disease
may have been reported in Indian texts several centuries before
-likely confused with other eruptive fevers
first measles description
, by Rhazes who was the chief physician at a hospital in Baghdad
Measles spread
-widespread in Europe and south and east Asia in the Middle Ages
-in England and scotland in the 17th cen
-great Britain and Europe throughout the 18th-20th cen
-worldwide spread and even in Cuba, Honduras , Brazil, Oregon, California
-moved with populations
native islanders effected by measles
north atlantic and pacific islands were infected and caused significant mortality in native
populations
impact of measles in the US army
-during the civil war killed 4246 union soldiers and others
-fatality rate ranged from 6% in white soldiers to 11% in African soilders
-postwar measles was a problem in recruitment camps
-1917/1918: more than 95,000 cases and 3000 deaths
John Anderson and Joseph Goldberger
transmitted measles to rhesus monkeys, resulting in a discrete rash with a febrile peak
identification of measles
virus was culture's in 1930s-1940s in chicken embryos
John Franklin enders and Thomas chalmers
pebble cultured nasopharyngeal and blood samples from a 11 yr old child on a human
kidney cell structure
-then injected the culture into monkeys which then developed rashes and mild measles
How does measles spread?
-via respiratory route
-aerosolized droplets
is surface contamination a route of transmission for measles?
no, not significant source of infection
measles R0
