HSC 343 MOCK EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the primary function of insulin?
Insulin is the key for glucose to enter cells, produced by beta cells of the pancreas in response to
elevated blood glucose concentrations.
What percentage of adults in the US will develop diabetes in their lifetime?
2 in 5 adults.
What are the actions of insulin in muscle tissue?
Increases glucose transport into cells, glycogenesis, protein synthesis, and triglyceride synthesis.
What are the actions of insulin in the liver?
Increases glucose transport into cells, glycogenesis, glucose utilization, and protein synthesis.
What are the actions of insulin in adipose tissue?
Increases glucose transport into cells, glycogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis.
What characterizes Type 1 Diabetes?
Usually develops by age 15 due to absolute deficiency of insulin from autoimmune destruction
of pancreatic beta cells, leading to weight loss, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and complications
like atherosclerosis and kidney failure.
What is the treatment for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)?
Insulin administered subcutaneously.
What characterizes Type 2 Diabetes?
Caused by decreased insulin release or decreased tissue response to insulin, leading to
hyperglycemia but not ketoacidosis.
What is the treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)?
Diet, exercise, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin.
, What are the goals for insulin therapy?
To achieve adequate glucose control without excessive injections during each 24-hour period.
What is considered adequate blood glucose control?
Fasting plasma glucose < 126 mg/dL, casual plasma glucose < 200 mg/dL with symptoms, or
OGTT < 200 mg/dL 2 hours after glucose ingestion.
What is the target HbA1c level for diabetes management?
Less than 6.5%.
What is the treatment for severe hypoglycemia?
IV glucose is the treatment of choice, with glucagon as a second choice.
What is the onset time and duration of Insulin Glulisine?
Onset: 10-15 minutes, Duration: 3-5 hours.
What is the onset time and duration of Regular insulin?
Onset: 30-60 minutes, Duration: 6-10 hours.
What is the onset time and duration of Isophane insulin (NPH)?
Onset: 60-120 minutes, Duration: 16-24 hours.
What is the onset time and duration of Insulin glargine?
Onset: 70 minutes, Duration: 18-24 hours.
What is the correct order for mixing insulins?
Draw up the short-acting insulin first, then NPH to avoid contaminating the short-acting insulin.
What factors influence insulin requirements?
Food, stress, and infection increase insulin needs, while exercise decreases insulin needs.
Where is insulin absorption greatest when administered subcutaneously?
From the abdomen, followed by the arm, thigh, and hip.
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the primary function of insulin?
Insulin is the key for glucose to enter cells, produced by beta cells of the pancreas in response to
elevated blood glucose concentrations.
What percentage of adults in the US will develop diabetes in their lifetime?
2 in 5 adults.
What are the actions of insulin in muscle tissue?
Increases glucose transport into cells, glycogenesis, protein synthesis, and triglyceride synthesis.
What are the actions of insulin in the liver?
Increases glucose transport into cells, glycogenesis, glucose utilization, and protein synthesis.
What are the actions of insulin in adipose tissue?
Increases glucose transport into cells, glycogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis.
What characterizes Type 1 Diabetes?
Usually develops by age 15 due to absolute deficiency of insulin from autoimmune destruction
of pancreatic beta cells, leading to weight loss, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and complications
like atherosclerosis and kidney failure.
What is the treatment for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)?
Insulin administered subcutaneously.
What characterizes Type 2 Diabetes?
Caused by decreased insulin release or decreased tissue response to insulin, leading to
hyperglycemia but not ketoacidosis.
What is the treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)?
Diet, exercise, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin.
, What are the goals for insulin therapy?
To achieve adequate glucose control without excessive injections during each 24-hour period.
What is considered adequate blood glucose control?
Fasting plasma glucose < 126 mg/dL, casual plasma glucose < 200 mg/dL with symptoms, or
OGTT < 200 mg/dL 2 hours after glucose ingestion.
What is the target HbA1c level for diabetes management?
Less than 6.5%.
What is the treatment for severe hypoglycemia?
IV glucose is the treatment of choice, with glucagon as a second choice.
What is the onset time and duration of Insulin Glulisine?
Onset: 10-15 minutes, Duration: 3-5 hours.
What is the onset time and duration of Regular insulin?
Onset: 30-60 minutes, Duration: 6-10 hours.
What is the onset time and duration of Isophane insulin (NPH)?
Onset: 60-120 minutes, Duration: 16-24 hours.
What is the onset time and duration of Insulin glargine?
Onset: 70 minutes, Duration: 18-24 hours.
What is the correct order for mixing insulins?
Draw up the short-acting insulin first, then NPH to avoid contaminating the short-acting insulin.
What factors influence insulin requirements?
Food, stress, and infection increase insulin needs, while exercise decreases insulin needs.
Where is insulin absorption greatest when administered subcutaneously?
From the abdomen, followed by the arm, thigh, and hip.
