Science-1
Definition : Science is a way of finding things out, It is about observations and investigations.
Parts of a plant. (1.Root, 2.Stem, 3.Leaf, 4.Flower, 5.Bud, 6.Fruit )
Types of plants.
1.Green plants : Make their own food wit ohh the help of sunlight, air, water, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll,
this process is called photosynthesis.
2.Non green plants : They cannot make their own food, they take food from dead animals, humus, they
live in dark shady places.
Kinds of plants.
1.Herbs : They are small plants with short and weak stem.
2.Shrubs : They are bushy plants and have many branches.
3.Climbers : They are climbing plants, they climb on walls, or on other plants. 4.Creepers : They grow on
the ground like watermelon, pumpkins.
5.Water plants : They live above the surface of the water like lilies, lettuce, and lotus.
6.Trees : They are very big with hard stems.
7.Desert Plants : They live in hot places like cactus, date palm.
8.Mosses : They have no stem, they grow in moist, shady places.
Matter.
Definition : Anything that occupies space and has weight is called matter.
States of matter.
1.Solid : Solid is hard, it doesn't change its shape.
2.liquid : It can change its shape to fit into containers.
3.Gass : Gass (Air) also can change it's shape, it can change from one place to another.
The Moon.
>The Moon is close to the Earth.
>The Moon doesn't have light on its own, when the Sun shines on it we can see the Moon.
>There are holes on the surface of the Moon called craters.
>It takes 28 days to go around the Earth once.
Science-2
Life Cycles.
Frog (1.Eggs, 2.Tadpole, 3.Froglet, 4.Frog)
Butterfly (1.Eggs, 2.Larva or Caterpillar, 3.Pupa, 4.Butterfly)
Kinds of food that animals eat.
1.Herbivorous : Animals that eat grass, leaves, cows, sheep.
2.Carnivorous : Animals that eat other animals, lion, alligators.
3.Omnivorous : Animals that eat both of them, bear, cat and mouse.
>Humans are also carnivorous.
,Breathing of living things.
>Caterpillars take air through small holes on the side of their bodies.
>Fish takes air through gills, it breathes oxygen in water that is dissolved in water.
>Plants take air through small holes in its leaves called stomata (pores),these stomata are underside of a
leaf.
>Stomata inhale carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen.
>Humans breathe through their nose and mouth.
>A plant has a flower which makes seed, seeds grow to make a plant.
1.Seed, 2.Seedling, 3.Plant.
>A Duckbill is an animal that lives in Australia. It has a furry body and mouth like the beak of a duck. It
lays eggs and feeds babies on milk.
Types of skin.
1.Shell, 2.Feathers, 3.Quills, 4.Fur, 5.Scales, 6.Skin.
>Ostrich is the largest bird in the world, it can't fly.
>Hummingbird is the smallest bird in the world.
Parts of a plant.
1.Root : It grows in soil, it sucks water and minerals from soil.
2.Stem : It grows above the soil, it takes water and minerals from root to leaves.
3.Leaf : Leaves make food for plants, leaves are also called (kitchen, food industry).
4.Flower : It makes fruit which makes seeds.
>Rafflesia is the biggest flower in the world, it grows about 1m wide, it grows in the forest of Indonesia.
Kinds of root.
1.Tap-root : Some roots have one big part which is thick.
>This thick root is called tap-root.
>A tap-root has many small roots or root hairs that suck water and minerals from soil.
>The tip of the root has a root cap.
2.Fibrous root : Some roots have many small branches of the same size.
>These roots are called fibrous roots.
>They do not store much food.
>Plants living in salt water (marshes and swamps) have arched roots which hold them firmly in the mud.
Parts of a leaf.
1.Leaf stalk : The part in which leaf is joined, it jointed in the stem.
2.Midrib : It carries water and minerals(food).
3.Leaf veins : Veins also carry water and minerals, in some leaves veins make a network or web.
4.Leaf blade : It is the edge of a leaf,some plants have (lobbed edge, edge like-saw, simple edge).
Types of a leaf.
1.Simple leaf : One leaf growing on a leaf stalk is called a simple leaf.
2.Compound leaf : When two or more small leaves grow on a leaf stalk is called compound leaf.
>The small leaves of a compound leaf are called leaflets.
>The green color of a leaf is due to chlorophyll.
>Plants make chlorophyll with sunlight and warmth.
, >In hot summer plants produce chlorophyll.
>As days become shorter and cooler(winter) , the production of chlorophyll slows down because plants
don't get warmth.
Functions of a leaf.
>The food of a plant is glucose.
>It is sweet like sugar.
>A leaf makes glucose with the process called photosynthesis.
>Bryophyllum is a plant, the tiny Plants grow on the edge of its leaves.
>Some fruits have one and some fruits have many seeds.
Parts of a seed.
1.Hole : Air and water go into the seed through the hole, the hole is joined to the fruit.
2.Seed coat : It protects the seed.
3.Seed leaf : It has food inside it, some seeds have only one seed leaf (wheat) and some have two seed
leaves (peas).
4.Baby plant : The baby plant grows into a new plant, it takes food from leaves.
>Sycamore seeds have wings that help them to be carried to far off places by the wind.
>Force : A push or pull is called force.
Source of light.
1.Luminous object : Objects that give out light on its own called luminous i.e (sun, stars, torch, bulb,
candle).
2.Non-luminous object : Object that does not give out light called non-luminous i.e (book, table, pen,
moon).
>Moon is non-luminous because it does not give light, when the Sun shines on it we can see the Moon.
1.Transparent : Something through which light can pass clearly (water).
2.Translucent : Something through which light can pass but not clearly (Forest glass, butter paper).
3.Opaque object : Objects through which light can not pass (brick, table, book).
>Stars are great clouds of dust and gas particles which are packed tightly together.
>The Sun is also a star, it is very small.
>Moon is 400,000km away from the Earth
>It moves around the Earth about 28 days to go once.
>The big holes on the surface of the Moon are called craters.
>There's no air on the Moon and in space.
>Commander Neil Armstrong, an American astronaut, was the first human being to step on the Moon.
>Earth : There are layers of air around the Earth, 71% of Earth is covered by water and 29% of land.
>There are also layers of (earth, soil, atmosphere).
Layers of Earth.
1.Crust : The outer layer of the Earth. It is a hard rocky shell around the Earth. It is covered by oceans,
continents, islands, hills and mountains.
2.Mantle : It is made of heavy rocks.
Definition : Science is a way of finding things out, It is about observations and investigations.
Parts of a plant. (1.Root, 2.Stem, 3.Leaf, 4.Flower, 5.Bud, 6.Fruit )
Types of plants.
1.Green plants : Make their own food wit ohh the help of sunlight, air, water, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll,
this process is called photosynthesis.
2.Non green plants : They cannot make their own food, they take food from dead animals, humus, they
live in dark shady places.
Kinds of plants.
1.Herbs : They are small plants with short and weak stem.
2.Shrubs : They are bushy plants and have many branches.
3.Climbers : They are climbing plants, they climb on walls, or on other plants. 4.Creepers : They grow on
the ground like watermelon, pumpkins.
5.Water plants : They live above the surface of the water like lilies, lettuce, and lotus.
6.Trees : They are very big with hard stems.
7.Desert Plants : They live in hot places like cactus, date palm.
8.Mosses : They have no stem, they grow in moist, shady places.
Matter.
Definition : Anything that occupies space and has weight is called matter.
States of matter.
1.Solid : Solid is hard, it doesn't change its shape.
2.liquid : It can change its shape to fit into containers.
3.Gass : Gass (Air) also can change it's shape, it can change from one place to another.
The Moon.
>The Moon is close to the Earth.
>The Moon doesn't have light on its own, when the Sun shines on it we can see the Moon.
>There are holes on the surface of the Moon called craters.
>It takes 28 days to go around the Earth once.
Science-2
Life Cycles.
Frog (1.Eggs, 2.Tadpole, 3.Froglet, 4.Frog)
Butterfly (1.Eggs, 2.Larva or Caterpillar, 3.Pupa, 4.Butterfly)
Kinds of food that animals eat.
1.Herbivorous : Animals that eat grass, leaves, cows, sheep.
2.Carnivorous : Animals that eat other animals, lion, alligators.
3.Omnivorous : Animals that eat both of them, bear, cat and mouse.
>Humans are also carnivorous.
,Breathing of living things.
>Caterpillars take air through small holes on the side of their bodies.
>Fish takes air through gills, it breathes oxygen in water that is dissolved in water.
>Plants take air through small holes in its leaves called stomata (pores),these stomata are underside of a
leaf.
>Stomata inhale carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen.
>Humans breathe through their nose and mouth.
>A plant has a flower which makes seed, seeds grow to make a plant.
1.Seed, 2.Seedling, 3.Plant.
>A Duckbill is an animal that lives in Australia. It has a furry body and mouth like the beak of a duck. It
lays eggs and feeds babies on milk.
Types of skin.
1.Shell, 2.Feathers, 3.Quills, 4.Fur, 5.Scales, 6.Skin.
>Ostrich is the largest bird in the world, it can't fly.
>Hummingbird is the smallest bird in the world.
Parts of a plant.
1.Root : It grows in soil, it sucks water and minerals from soil.
2.Stem : It grows above the soil, it takes water and minerals from root to leaves.
3.Leaf : Leaves make food for plants, leaves are also called (kitchen, food industry).
4.Flower : It makes fruit which makes seeds.
>Rafflesia is the biggest flower in the world, it grows about 1m wide, it grows in the forest of Indonesia.
Kinds of root.
1.Tap-root : Some roots have one big part which is thick.
>This thick root is called tap-root.
>A tap-root has many small roots or root hairs that suck water and minerals from soil.
>The tip of the root has a root cap.
2.Fibrous root : Some roots have many small branches of the same size.
>These roots are called fibrous roots.
>They do not store much food.
>Plants living in salt water (marshes and swamps) have arched roots which hold them firmly in the mud.
Parts of a leaf.
1.Leaf stalk : The part in which leaf is joined, it jointed in the stem.
2.Midrib : It carries water and minerals(food).
3.Leaf veins : Veins also carry water and minerals, in some leaves veins make a network or web.
4.Leaf blade : It is the edge of a leaf,some plants have (lobbed edge, edge like-saw, simple edge).
Types of a leaf.
1.Simple leaf : One leaf growing on a leaf stalk is called a simple leaf.
2.Compound leaf : When two or more small leaves grow on a leaf stalk is called compound leaf.
>The small leaves of a compound leaf are called leaflets.
>The green color of a leaf is due to chlorophyll.
>Plants make chlorophyll with sunlight and warmth.
, >In hot summer plants produce chlorophyll.
>As days become shorter and cooler(winter) , the production of chlorophyll slows down because plants
don't get warmth.
Functions of a leaf.
>The food of a plant is glucose.
>It is sweet like sugar.
>A leaf makes glucose with the process called photosynthesis.
>Bryophyllum is a plant, the tiny Plants grow on the edge of its leaves.
>Some fruits have one and some fruits have many seeds.
Parts of a seed.
1.Hole : Air and water go into the seed through the hole, the hole is joined to the fruit.
2.Seed coat : It protects the seed.
3.Seed leaf : It has food inside it, some seeds have only one seed leaf (wheat) and some have two seed
leaves (peas).
4.Baby plant : The baby plant grows into a new plant, it takes food from leaves.
>Sycamore seeds have wings that help them to be carried to far off places by the wind.
>Force : A push or pull is called force.
Source of light.
1.Luminous object : Objects that give out light on its own called luminous i.e (sun, stars, torch, bulb,
candle).
2.Non-luminous object : Object that does not give out light called non-luminous i.e (book, table, pen,
moon).
>Moon is non-luminous because it does not give light, when the Sun shines on it we can see the Moon.
1.Transparent : Something through which light can pass clearly (water).
2.Translucent : Something through which light can pass but not clearly (Forest glass, butter paper).
3.Opaque object : Objects through which light can not pass (brick, table, book).
>Stars are great clouds of dust and gas particles which are packed tightly together.
>The Sun is also a star, it is very small.
>Moon is 400,000km away from the Earth
>It moves around the Earth about 28 days to go once.
>The big holes on the surface of the Moon are called craters.
>There's no air on the Moon and in space.
>Commander Neil Armstrong, an American astronaut, was the first human being to step on the Moon.
>Earth : There are layers of air around the Earth, 71% of Earth is covered by water and 29% of land.
>There are also layers of (earth, soil, atmosphere).
Layers of Earth.
1.Crust : The outer layer of the Earth. It is a hard rocky shell around the Earth. It is covered by oceans,
continents, islands, hills and mountains.
2.Mantle : It is made of heavy rocks.
