NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam 2025

The coronary ostia are located where? - correct ans-aorta Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children finally lodge? - correct ans-bronchus Which type of antibody is involved in type 1 hypersensitivty reaction? - correct ans-ige Hypersensitivity is best defined as..? - correct ans-altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease. What is the final stage of the infectious process? - correct ans-spread The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur? - correct ans-right to left blood shunting It has been determined that a tumor is stage 2. What is the meaning of this finding? - correct ans-cancer is locally invasive. What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn? - correct ans-atelectasis Which statement is true concerning the igm? - correct ans-igm is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen. Apoptosis is a(n)... - correct ans-normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive. Which statement concerning benign tumors is true? - correct ans-cells are well differentiated Which complex (wave) represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations? - correct ans-qrs Which organism is a common sexually transmitted bacterial infection? - correct ans trepona pallidum Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome - correct ans-hypothalamus What is the role of caretaker genes? - correct ans-maintenance of genomic integrity NR 207 NR 207 Where are antibodies produced? - correct ans-plasma cells The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via the _____ nerve. - correct ans-vagus What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? - correct ans murmur heard on auscultation What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn? - correct ans-surfactant deficiency What is the fundamental physiologic manifestation of anemia? - correct ans-hypoxia Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form a new muscle while appearing highly disorganized? - correct ans-anaplasia Which of the following is classified as a megaloblastic anemia? - correct ans-pernicious How is most carbon dioxide in the blood transported? - correct ans-in the form of bicarbonate Which immunoglobulin is present in childhood asthma? - correct ans-ige An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody? - correct ans-iga Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication? - correct ans laryngospasms Which laboratory test is considered adequate for an accurate and reliable diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in a symptomatic man? - correct ans-gram stain technique Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response? - correct ans-the immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it When an individual aspirates food particles, where would the nurse expect to hear decreased or absent breath sounds? - correct ans-right lung What is the primary site for uncomplicated gonococci infections in men? - correct ans urethra Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both b- and t-cell function? - correct ans-zinc NR 207 NR 207 An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? - correct ans-ventricular septal defect Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children with tetralogy of fallot to relieve hypoxic spells? - correct ans-squatting In a normal, nonmutant state, an oncogene is referred to as a... - correct ans-proto oncogene Infants are most susceptible to significant losses in total body water because an infants... - correct ans-kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluid losses A person with type o blood is considered to be the universal blood donor because type o blood contains which of the following? - correct ans-no antigens Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after the immunization against the antigen? - correct ans-active acquired immunity Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days, ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin, and altered iron metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of which type of anemia? - correct ans-anemia of chronic disease How is most of the oxygen in the blood transported? - correct ans-bound to hemoglobin What is the action of urodilatin? - correct ans-it inhibits salt and water reabsorption. What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn? - correct ans-premature birth What is the most common cause of insufficient eryhtropoiesis in children? - correct ans iron deficiency What are the abnormalities in cytokines found in children with cystic fibrosis? - correct ans-deficit of il-10 and excess of il-1, il-8, and tnf Which manifestations of vaso-occlusive crisis are associated with sickle cell disease in infants? - correct ans-edema of the hands and feet What process allows the kidneys to respond to an increase in workload? - correct ans compensatory hypertrophy What is the direct action of the atrial natriuretic hormone? - correct ans-sodium excretion NR 207 NR 207 Which cells have phagocytic properties similar to monocytes and contract like smooth muscle cells, thereby influencing the glomerular filtration rate? - correct ans-mesangial cells Research supports the premise that exercise has a probable impact on reducing the risk of which cancer? - correct ans-colon What effect to natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dialates? - correct ans-inhibits renin and aldosterone Which t-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma? - correct ans-cd4 t helper th2 lymphocytes In which primary immune deficiency is there a partial to complete absence of t-cell immunity? - correct ans-digeorge syndrome What is the ratio of coronary capillaries to cardiac muscle cells - correct ans-1:1 The most common site of metastasis for a patient diagnosed with prostate cancer is which location? - correct ans-bones Which cardiac chamber has the thinnest wall and why? - correct ans-the right and left atria, they are low pressure chambers that serve as storage units and conduits for blood The only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area is called the: - correct ans-proximal conviluted tubules How high does the plasma glucose have to be before the threshold for glucose is achieved? - correct ans-180 mg/dl Which cytokines initiate the production of the corticotropin-releasing hormone? - correct ans-il-1 and il-6 Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys - correct ans-erythropoietin What effects do exercise and body position have on renal blood flow? - correct ans-they activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor? - correct ans-perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries