Straighterline PSY 101 Exam Questions and Correct
Answers (Complete Solution) Graded A+
Psychology ✔✔ A scientific discipline that studies behavior and mental processes.
Science ✔✔ Any discipline that bases its legitimacy on systematic observation and
provable hypotheses rather than on intuition or "common sense."
Mental processes ✔✔ Private, internal states and operations such as thoughts, feelings
and perceptions that cannot be seen or measured directly, but must be inferred from
observable behavior.
Structuralism ✔✔ An early psychological approach, developed by Wilhelm Wundt,
which sought to understand the mind through analysis of its basic elements, determined
through controlled introspection.
Functionalism ✔✔ An early psychological approach, associated with William James,
that focused on the functionality of mental processes and behaviors, rather than
breaking down consciousness into basic elements.
Psychodynamic perspective ✔✔ The psychological approach developed by Sigmund
Freud that focuses on therapy and operates under the assumption that people's
behavior is motivated by powerful, unconscious inner forces.
Gestalt psychology ✔✔ A German school of psychology that focuses on how perception
and thinking are organized into unified "wholes" ("gestalt" in German).
Behavioral psychology ✔✔ The psychological approach that focuses on measuring
overt behavior and influencing behavior through carefully engineered learning
experiences.
Neuroscience perspective ✔✔ The branch of psychology that focuses on the nervous
system and physiological functions in the brain in order to explain behavior and mental
processes.
Cognitive psychology ✔✔ The psychological approach that focuses on mental
processes: how people perceive, organize and remember information and how these
processes affect behavior.
Humanistic perspective ✔✔ The psychological approach that emphasizes free will and
humans' innate tendencies to grow, develop and be in control of their lives and
destinies.
, Sociocultural perspective ✔✔ The newest psychological perspective, this is one that
insists that people cannot be fully understood without taking into account their
nationality, ethnicity and other Sociocultural factors.
Clinical psychology ✔✔ An applied branch of psychology that deals with the diagnosis
and effective treatment of psychological disorders, as well as research in these areas.
Psychiatrist ✔✔ A medical doctor who treats mental disorders. As distinguished from a
psychologist (who usually has a ph.d. In psychology), a psychiatrist has an m.d. degree
and is licensed to prescribe drugs.
Industrial/organizational psychology ✔✔ An applied field of psychology that deals with
the psychology of the workplace, including career aptitude testing, motivation of
workers, job satisfaction, and relationships among workers.
Experimental psychology ✔✔ Focuses on increasing our store of knowledge about
thinking, perceiving, learning and emotions through scientific experiments, often with
nonhumans.
Applied psychology ✔✔ One of the two main subdivisions of psychology, this
psychology encompasses the group of disciplines that use knowledge gained by
researchers to solve specific, practical human problems.
Developmental psychology ✔✔ A sub-field in experimental or basic psychology that
studies how people grow and develop across the entire life span.
Nature vs. nurture ✔✔ The debate about whether our heredity (nature) or environment
(nurture) plays the more predominant role in determining behavior. Research on the
interplay of these factors is one of the major issues in psychology.
Research on humans is considered to be ethical only when the following five conditions
are met ✔✔ Freedom from coercion, informed consent, limited deception, adequate
debriefing, & confidentiality
Four goals of psychology ✔✔ Describe, Predict, Understand, & Influence
Research with nonhuman animals is considered to be ethical only when the following
three conditions are met ✔✔ Necessity, Health, Humane Treatment
Scientific method ✔✔ A systematic approach to acquiring knowledge that is based on
empirical observation and rules of evidence.
Coefficient of correlation ✔✔ A number (ranging from -1.0 to +1.0) that is a statistical
expression of the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.
Answers (Complete Solution) Graded A+
Psychology ✔✔ A scientific discipline that studies behavior and mental processes.
Science ✔✔ Any discipline that bases its legitimacy on systematic observation and
provable hypotheses rather than on intuition or "common sense."
Mental processes ✔✔ Private, internal states and operations such as thoughts, feelings
and perceptions that cannot be seen or measured directly, but must be inferred from
observable behavior.
Structuralism ✔✔ An early psychological approach, developed by Wilhelm Wundt,
which sought to understand the mind through analysis of its basic elements, determined
through controlled introspection.
Functionalism ✔✔ An early psychological approach, associated with William James,
that focused on the functionality of mental processes and behaviors, rather than
breaking down consciousness into basic elements.
Psychodynamic perspective ✔✔ The psychological approach developed by Sigmund
Freud that focuses on therapy and operates under the assumption that people's
behavior is motivated by powerful, unconscious inner forces.
Gestalt psychology ✔✔ A German school of psychology that focuses on how perception
and thinking are organized into unified "wholes" ("gestalt" in German).
Behavioral psychology ✔✔ The psychological approach that focuses on measuring
overt behavior and influencing behavior through carefully engineered learning
experiences.
Neuroscience perspective ✔✔ The branch of psychology that focuses on the nervous
system and physiological functions in the brain in order to explain behavior and mental
processes.
Cognitive psychology ✔✔ The psychological approach that focuses on mental
processes: how people perceive, organize and remember information and how these
processes affect behavior.
Humanistic perspective ✔✔ The psychological approach that emphasizes free will and
humans' innate tendencies to grow, develop and be in control of their lives and
destinies.
, Sociocultural perspective ✔✔ The newest psychological perspective, this is one that
insists that people cannot be fully understood without taking into account their
nationality, ethnicity and other Sociocultural factors.
Clinical psychology ✔✔ An applied branch of psychology that deals with the diagnosis
and effective treatment of psychological disorders, as well as research in these areas.
Psychiatrist ✔✔ A medical doctor who treats mental disorders. As distinguished from a
psychologist (who usually has a ph.d. In psychology), a psychiatrist has an m.d. degree
and is licensed to prescribe drugs.
Industrial/organizational psychology ✔✔ An applied field of psychology that deals with
the psychology of the workplace, including career aptitude testing, motivation of
workers, job satisfaction, and relationships among workers.
Experimental psychology ✔✔ Focuses on increasing our store of knowledge about
thinking, perceiving, learning and emotions through scientific experiments, often with
nonhumans.
Applied psychology ✔✔ One of the two main subdivisions of psychology, this
psychology encompasses the group of disciplines that use knowledge gained by
researchers to solve specific, practical human problems.
Developmental psychology ✔✔ A sub-field in experimental or basic psychology that
studies how people grow and develop across the entire life span.
Nature vs. nurture ✔✔ The debate about whether our heredity (nature) or environment
(nurture) plays the more predominant role in determining behavior. Research on the
interplay of these factors is one of the major issues in psychology.
Research on humans is considered to be ethical only when the following five conditions
are met ✔✔ Freedom from coercion, informed consent, limited deception, adequate
debriefing, & confidentiality
Four goals of psychology ✔✔ Describe, Predict, Understand, & Influence
Research with nonhuman animals is considered to be ethical only when the following
three conditions are met ✔✔ Necessity, Health, Humane Treatment
Scientific method ✔✔ A systematic approach to acquiring knowledge that is based on
empirical observation and rules of evidence.
Coefficient of correlation ✔✔ A number (ranging from -1.0 to +1.0) that is a statistical
expression of the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.
