NUR 445 Exam 2 COMPLETE questions with precise detailed answers.

NUR 445 Exam 2 COMPLETE questions with
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precise detailed answers
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What |is |the |definition |of |affinity? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-the |attraction |between |Hgb |and |O2



What |does |Hgb |have |an |affinity |to? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Hgb |has |an |attraction |for |O2 |molecules



What |does |the |oxyhemoglobin |dissociation |curve |represent? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-relationship |
between |PaO2 |and |SaO2



What |is |PaO2? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-partial |pressure |of |arterial |O2 |(arterial |O2 |tension)



What |is |SaO2? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Hgb |saturation



What |does |P50 |represent? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-measures |when |Hgb |is |50% |saturated |with |O2



When |does |the |P50 |change? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-when |physiologic |factors |are |altered



What |does |a |left |shift |on |the |dissociation |curve |do |to |the |affinity |of |O2 |to |hemoglobin? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER-increases |affinity |= |prevents |release |to |tissues



What |does |a |right |shift |on |the |dissociation |curve |do |to |the |affinity |of |O2 |to |hemoglobin? |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER-decreases |affinity |= |readily |release |to |tissues



What |causes |a |left |shift |on |the |dissociation |curve? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-alkalosis, |hypothermia, |
hypocapnia, |decreased |2,3 |DPG



What |causes |a |right |shift |on |the |dissociation |curve? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-acidosis, |hyperthermia, |
hypercapnia, |increased |2,3-DPG

,What |are |three |components |of |oxygenation? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-pulmonary |gas |exchange, |O2 |
delivery, |O2 |consumption



What |2 |problems |in |oxygenation |does |the |nurse |assess |for |and |intervene? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-
decreased |O2 |supply, |increased |O2 |demand



What |is |the |definition |of |oxygenation? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-the |use |of |O2 |for |energy |through |aerobic |
metabolism



What |are |the |two |goals |in |the |assessment |of |oxygenation? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-to |determine |the |
overall |adequacy |of |oxygenation |and |to |determine |which |component |of |oxygenation |dysfunction |
should |be |manipulated



What |are |the |three |components |of |pulmonary |gas |exchange? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-ventilation, |
diffusion, |perfusion



What |is |the |definition |of |ventilation? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-movement |of |air |between |the |atmosphere |
and |the |lungs



What |is |the |actual |work |of |breathing |called |(using |the |muscles, |lungs, |airway, |nervous |system)? |- |
CORRECT |ANSWER-ventilation



What |is |the |definition |of |diffusion? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-movement |of |gas |across |pressure |gradient |
from |area |of |high |concentration |to |low |concentration



What |is |it |called |when |O2 |moves |from |alveoli |to |pulmonary |capillaries? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-diffusion



What |is |the |definition |of |perfusion? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-pulmonary |perfusion |of |pulmonary |
capillaries; |flow |of |blood |to |tissues/organs



What |is |perfusion |affected |by? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Hgb, |O2 |affinity, |and |blood |flow

,Why |is |the |matching |of |ventilation |to |perfusion |essential |for |gas |exchange? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-
when |they |are |not |matched, |oxygen |becomes |impaired



When |might |ventilation |to |perfusion |mismatching |occur? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-PE, |pneumothorax, |
hypoxemia



What |are |the |components |of |oxygen |delivery? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-CO, |CaO2, |ANS |innervation, |auto-
regulation



What |is |afterload? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-resistance |ventricle |pumps |blood



What |is |the |normal |value |for |afterload? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-800-1200



What |is |cardiac |output? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-amount |of |blood |pumped |each |minute



What |is |the |normal |value |for |cardiac |output? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-4-8



What |is |CaO2? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Total |O2 |carried |in |arterial |blood



What |is |combined |SaO2 |and |PaO2? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-CaO2



What |is |contractility? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-the |force |of |contractions



What |is |DO2? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-process |of |O2 |transport |to |cells, |utilizing |CO, |CaO2, |
autoregulation, |and |ANS |innervation



What |is |the |product |of |CO |and |CaO2? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-DO2



What |is |HgbO2? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-hemoglobin |fully |saturated |with |O2

, What |is |SaO2/SpO2? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-ratio |of |HgbO2 |to |total |Hgb



What |is |the |difference |between |SaO2 |and |SpO2? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-SpO2 |means |obtained |through |
pulse |oximetry, |where |SaO2 |is |via |arterial |blood



What |is |stroke |volume? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-volume |pumped |with |each |beat



What |is |the |normal |value |of |stroke |volume? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-50-100



What |is |the |normal |value |of |Hgb? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-12-17



What |does |PaO2 |represent? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-amount |of |oxygen |dissolved |in |plasma



What |does |SaO2 |represent? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-Saturation |of |Hgb |with |O2 |(oxyhemoglobin)



What |is |the |percentage |of |the |body's |oxygen |on |HgbO2 |(SaO2)? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-97%



What |percentage |of |the |body's |oxygen |is |dissolved |in |plasma |(PaO2)? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-3%



What |can |impair |O2 |delivery? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-dysrhythmias, |heart |failure, |uncompensated |
decrease |in |CO, |Hgb, |or |SaO2



How |is |O2 |delivery |assessed? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-CO, |Hgb, |SaO2, |PaO2 |(ABGs)



How |can |CO |be |assessed |at |the |bedside? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-pulses, |heart |sounds, |monitor, |fluid |
balance, |CVP, |heart |sounds, |O2 |status, |BP, |pulse |pressure, |Hx |of |previous |MI, |acute |MI |or |ischemia



What |is |the |definition |of |oxygen |consumption? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER-the |rate |at |which |O2 |is |used |by |
cells |to |generate |energy