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Portage BIOD 121 Module 1-6 and Final Exam
Newest 2025/2026 (All 6 modules and Final
Exam) / BIOD 121 Essentials In Nutrition
2025/2026 Complete All Questions And Correct
Answers |Already Graded A+||
Module 1
What are the concepts of the new pyramid? - ANSWER-Personalization,
moderation, proportionality, variety, activity, and gradual improvement
Name three classes of nutrients that regulate the body - ANSWER-
Proteins, vitamins, and minerals
How is the hypothalamus involved in hunger? - ANSWER-When
nutrient levels in the blood are low, Ghrelin is produced by the stomach
cells, and other signaling molecules (neuropeptide-Y and endorphins)
are released. This stimulates the hypothalamus to signal hunger and that
foods need to be consumed
How is the hypothalamus involved in satiety? - ANSWER-When
nutrients in the blood begin to increase, Leptin is produced by
,2|Page
adipocytes, and other signaling molecules are released (serotonin and
Cholecystokinin). These stimulate the hypothalamus to signal fullness,
and that no more food is needed
Nutrients that are considered macronutrients - ANSWER-Lipids, protein,
carbohydrates, and water
Nutrients that provide structure - ANSWER-Protein, lipids, and minerals
What is nutrition? - ANSWER-The science that links food to health and
disease
What is the difference between food and nutrients? - ANSWER-Food
provides energy as calories, and nutrients are the substances in food that
provide material to maintain body
Nutrition includes which terms? - ANSWER-Ingestion, digestion,
absorption, and excretion
What is the difference between hunger and appetite? - ANSWER-
Hunger is an internal drive associated with negative sensation, while
appetite is an external drive that causes a positive sensation
What is the feeding/satiety center? - ANSWER-Hypothalamus
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What are the dimensions of health? - ANSWER-Physical, intellectual,
emotional, social, and spiritual
What is physical health? - ANSWER-The ability to perform daily
functions
What is emotional health? - ANSWER-The ability to express/suppress
emotions
What are the two main reasons for food choices? - ANSWER-Taste and
texture
What is the main site for digestion/absorption of nutrients? - ANSWER-
GI tract
The GI tract consists of ... - ANSWER-The mouth, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus
What signaling molecules increase hunger? - ANSWER-Ghrelin,
endorphins, and neuropeptide-Y
What signaling molecules decrease hunger? - ANSWER-Leptin,
serotonin, and cholecystokinin (CCK)
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What is found with leptin in obese individuals? - ANSWER-It is
expressed in higher quantities, indicating a leptin insensitivity
What external forces influence eating habits? - ANSWER-Sensory,
cognitive, environmental, and health status
What are the sensory forces of eating habits? - ANSWER-Flavor (taste),
texture, appearance, moisture, and temperature
What are the cognitive forces of eating habits? - ANSWER-Habits,
comfort foods, advertising, social factors, and nutritional values
What are the environmental forces of eating habits? - ANSWER-
Economics, lifestyle, cultural/religious beliefs, and environment
What are the health status forces of eating habits? - ANSWER-Physical
restrictions from disease, declining taste sensitivity from age/medication,
and age/gender
What does the body use nutrients for? - ANSWER-Promote
growth/development, maintain tissues/cells/bone structure, fuel body for
physical/metabolic work, regulate body processes
Portage BIOD 121 Module 1-6 and Final Exam
Newest 2025/2026 (All 6 modules and Final
Exam) / BIOD 121 Essentials In Nutrition
2025/2026 Complete All Questions And Correct
Answers |Already Graded A+||
Module 1
What are the concepts of the new pyramid? - ANSWER-Personalization,
moderation, proportionality, variety, activity, and gradual improvement
Name three classes of nutrients that regulate the body - ANSWER-
Proteins, vitamins, and minerals
How is the hypothalamus involved in hunger? - ANSWER-When
nutrient levels in the blood are low, Ghrelin is produced by the stomach
cells, and other signaling molecules (neuropeptide-Y and endorphins)
are released. This stimulates the hypothalamus to signal hunger and that
foods need to be consumed
How is the hypothalamus involved in satiety? - ANSWER-When
nutrients in the blood begin to increase, Leptin is produced by
,2|Page
adipocytes, and other signaling molecules are released (serotonin and
Cholecystokinin). These stimulate the hypothalamus to signal fullness,
and that no more food is needed
Nutrients that are considered macronutrients - ANSWER-Lipids, protein,
carbohydrates, and water
Nutrients that provide structure - ANSWER-Protein, lipids, and minerals
What is nutrition? - ANSWER-The science that links food to health and
disease
What is the difference between food and nutrients? - ANSWER-Food
provides energy as calories, and nutrients are the substances in food that
provide material to maintain body
Nutrition includes which terms? - ANSWER-Ingestion, digestion,
absorption, and excretion
What is the difference between hunger and appetite? - ANSWER-
Hunger is an internal drive associated with negative sensation, while
appetite is an external drive that causes a positive sensation
What is the feeding/satiety center? - ANSWER-Hypothalamus
,3|Page
What are the dimensions of health? - ANSWER-Physical, intellectual,
emotional, social, and spiritual
What is physical health? - ANSWER-The ability to perform daily
functions
What is emotional health? - ANSWER-The ability to express/suppress
emotions
What are the two main reasons for food choices? - ANSWER-Taste and
texture
What is the main site for digestion/absorption of nutrients? - ANSWER-
GI tract
The GI tract consists of ... - ANSWER-The mouth, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus
What signaling molecules increase hunger? - ANSWER-Ghrelin,
endorphins, and neuropeptide-Y
What signaling molecules decrease hunger? - ANSWER-Leptin,
serotonin, and cholecystokinin (CCK)
, 4|Page
What is found with leptin in obese individuals? - ANSWER-It is
expressed in higher quantities, indicating a leptin insensitivity
What external forces influence eating habits? - ANSWER-Sensory,
cognitive, environmental, and health status
What are the sensory forces of eating habits? - ANSWER-Flavor (taste),
texture, appearance, moisture, and temperature
What are the cognitive forces of eating habits? - ANSWER-Habits,
comfort foods, advertising, social factors, and nutritional values
What are the environmental forces of eating habits? - ANSWER-
Economics, lifestyle, cultural/religious beliefs, and environment
What are the health status forces of eating habits? - ANSWER-Physical
restrictions from disease, declining taste sensitivity from age/medication,
and age/gender
What does the body use nutrients for? - ANSWER-Promote
growth/development, maintain tissues/cells/bone structure, fuel body for
physical/metabolic work, regulate body processes
