WGU D115 Advanced Pathophysiology Objective
Assessment | Complete Questions and Correct
Answers | Newest Version
When cardiac output falls in heart failure, the body attempts to compensate.
What electrolyte imbalances result from this response?
A) Hypernatremia and hyperkalemia
B) Hyponatremia and hypokalemia
C) Hypophosphatemia and hypercalcemia
D) Hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
B) Hyponatremia and hypokalemia
The compensatory mechanism causes excess secretion of aldosterone that
predisposes to potassium excretion. total body sodium content will be greater
than normal, but the excessive secretion of ADH causes greater retention of
water, diluting the serum level. ADH is continually secreted because of the
presence of low pressure at the carotid sinus baroreceptors, directly related to
low cardiac output.
The FNP is performing an assessment on a patient who is having difficulty
controlling his left-sided heart failure. The FNP understands that the primary
symptoms associated with this type of HF are:
A) Systemic venous congestion
B) Dyspnea and pulmonary congestion
C) Increased peripheral edema and anorexia
D) Atrial fibrillation with a heart rate around 110 bpm ---------CORRECT ANSWER---
--------------B) Dyspnea and pulmonary congestion
,Respiratory symptoms are predominant in patients with left-sided HF.
An older adult patient is diagnosed with leukemia and has constitutional
symptoms of night sweats, unintentional weight loss, and fatigue with painless
lymphadenopathy. What type of leukemia does this patient have?
A) Acute lymphocytic leukemia
B) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
C) Acute myelogenous leukemia
D) Chronic myelogenous leukemia ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most common leukemia in older adults
caused by proliferation of immature lymphocytes. Patients can have variable
presentations of night sweats, unintentional weight loss, fever, and severe
fatigue. Patients typically have painless lymphadenopathy and abnormal lab
analysis with lymphocytosis, although neutropenia, anemia, and
thrombocytopenia can be observed.
Which of the following changes occurs in the RBC indices for pernicious anemia?
A) microcytic, normochromic
B) microcytic, hypochromic
C) normocytic, normochromic
D) macrocytic, normochromic
A macrocytic, normochromic anemia resulting from atrophic gastric mucosa not
secreting intrinsic factor is the definition of pernicious anemia. These indices
could also include folic-acid deficiency. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D)
macrocytic, normochromic
,A macrocytic, normochromic anemia resulting from atrophic gastric mucosa not
secreting intrinsic factor is the definition of pernicious anemia. These indices
could also include folic-acid deficiency.
An older adult who has acute myelogenous leukemia is undergoing cytotoxic
chemotherapy treatment and has the following laboratory reports: elevated
serum uric acid, serum potassium, and serum phosphate and a low serum calcium
level. The WBC count is extremely elevated, and on physical exam, there is noted
lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. What is the most likely cause?
A) DIC
B) Leukostasis
C) Pancytopenia
D) Tumor lysis syndrome ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D) Tumor lysis
syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome occurs when a patient has a high WBC count and is
undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy for the treatment of AML. It is characterized
by the development of acute hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia,
and hypocalcemia.
pancytopenia ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------deficiency of all types of
blood cells
___ occurs when the blood vessels become overcrowded with immature blast
cells in patients with AML who have high WBC counts, which can lead to ischemia
and infarcts in the pulmonary and cranial blood vessels. ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------Leukostasis
, An adult patient with pernicious anemia may present with which signs and
symptoms?
A) Peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, lethargy, and fatigue
B) Hepatomegaly, jaundice, and RUQ pain
C) Hypertension, angina, and peripheral edema
D) Blurred vision, diplopia, and decreased vibratory sensation ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------A) Peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, lethargy, and fatigue
Vitamin B12 deficiency may result in neurologic signs and symptoms including
peripheral neuropathy, paresthesias, unsteady gait, loss of proprioception,
decreased vibratory sensation, lethargy and fatigue. In later stage, spasticity,
hyperactive reflexes and the presence of Romberg's sign are noted because of the
formation of a demyelinating lesion of the neurons of the spinal cord and cerebral
cortex and the presence of a beefy red tongue. These findings are specific to
pernicious anemia and must be assessed in all patient who present with anemia.
An 80-year-old patient brings her grandchildren with her to a routine medical
appointment. The patient has moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and is concerned about developing pneumonia because of its increased
incidence at the senior center.
What should the nurse practitioner recommend for this patient?
A) Increasing inhaler use to four times daily
B) Getting an annual influenza vaccine
C) Avoiding her grandchildren this winter
D) Undergoing prophylactic anticoagulation ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
-B) Getting an annual influenza vaccine
Assessment | Complete Questions and Correct
Answers | Newest Version
When cardiac output falls in heart failure, the body attempts to compensate.
What electrolyte imbalances result from this response?
A) Hypernatremia and hyperkalemia
B) Hyponatremia and hypokalemia
C) Hypophosphatemia and hypercalcemia
D) Hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
B) Hyponatremia and hypokalemia
The compensatory mechanism causes excess secretion of aldosterone that
predisposes to potassium excretion. total body sodium content will be greater
than normal, but the excessive secretion of ADH causes greater retention of
water, diluting the serum level. ADH is continually secreted because of the
presence of low pressure at the carotid sinus baroreceptors, directly related to
low cardiac output.
The FNP is performing an assessment on a patient who is having difficulty
controlling his left-sided heart failure. The FNP understands that the primary
symptoms associated with this type of HF are:
A) Systemic venous congestion
B) Dyspnea and pulmonary congestion
C) Increased peripheral edema and anorexia
D) Atrial fibrillation with a heart rate around 110 bpm ---------CORRECT ANSWER---
--------------B) Dyspnea and pulmonary congestion
,Respiratory symptoms are predominant in patients with left-sided HF.
An older adult patient is diagnosed with leukemia and has constitutional
symptoms of night sweats, unintentional weight loss, and fatigue with painless
lymphadenopathy. What type of leukemia does this patient have?
A) Acute lymphocytic leukemia
B) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
C) Acute myelogenous leukemia
D) Chronic myelogenous leukemia ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------B)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most common leukemia in older adults
caused by proliferation of immature lymphocytes. Patients can have variable
presentations of night sweats, unintentional weight loss, fever, and severe
fatigue. Patients typically have painless lymphadenopathy and abnormal lab
analysis with lymphocytosis, although neutropenia, anemia, and
thrombocytopenia can be observed.
Which of the following changes occurs in the RBC indices for pernicious anemia?
A) microcytic, normochromic
B) microcytic, hypochromic
C) normocytic, normochromic
D) macrocytic, normochromic
A macrocytic, normochromic anemia resulting from atrophic gastric mucosa not
secreting intrinsic factor is the definition of pernicious anemia. These indices
could also include folic-acid deficiency. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D)
macrocytic, normochromic
,A macrocytic, normochromic anemia resulting from atrophic gastric mucosa not
secreting intrinsic factor is the definition of pernicious anemia. These indices
could also include folic-acid deficiency.
An older adult who has acute myelogenous leukemia is undergoing cytotoxic
chemotherapy treatment and has the following laboratory reports: elevated
serum uric acid, serum potassium, and serum phosphate and a low serum calcium
level. The WBC count is extremely elevated, and on physical exam, there is noted
lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. What is the most likely cause?
A) DIC
B) Leukostasis
C) Pancytopenia
D) Tumor lysis syndrome ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------D) Tumor lysis
syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome occurs when a patient has a high WBC count and is
undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy for the treatment of AML. It is characterized
by the development of acute hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia,
and hypocalcemia.
pancytopenia ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------deficiency of all types of
blood cells
___ occurs when the blood vessels become overcrowded with immature blast
cells in patients with AML who have high WBC counts, which can lead to ischemia
and infarcts in the pulmonary and cranial blood vessels. ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------Leukostasis
, An adult patient with pernicious anemia may present with which signs and
symptoms?
A) Peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, lethargy, and fatigue
B) Hepatomegaly, jaundice, and RUQ pain
C) Hypertension, angina, and peripheral edema
D) Blurred vision, diplopia, and decreased vibratory sensation ---------CORRECT
ANSWER-----------------A) Peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, lethargy, and fatigue
Vitamin B12 deficiency may result in neurologic signs and symptoms including
peripheral neuropathy, paresthesias, unsteady gait, loss of proprioception,
decreased vibratory sensation, lethargy and fatigue. In later stage, spasticity,
hyperactive reflexes and the presence of Romberg's sign are noted because of the
formation of a demyelinating lesion of the neurons of the spinal cord and cerebral
cortex and the presence of a beefy red tongue. These findings are specific to
pernicious anemia and must be assessed in all patient who present with anemia.
An 80-year-old patient brings her grandchildren with her to a routine medical
appointment. The patient has moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and is concerned about developing pneumonia because of its increased
incidence at the senior center.
What should the nurse practitioner recommend for this patient?
A) Increasing inhaler use to four times daily
B) Getting an annual influenza vaccine
C) Avoiding her grandchildren this winter
D) Undergoing prophylactic anticoagulation ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
-B) Getting an annual influenza vaccine
