LATEST UPDATE WGU D027 ADVANCED
PATHOPHARMACOLOGICAL
FOUNDATIONS (ACTUAL 2025-2026)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Why are aminosalicylates used for in patients with Crohn's
disease? - ---answers - Reduce inflammation
What are some aminosalicylates that are used to treat Crohn's
disease? - ---answers - Sulfasalazine
- Mesalamine
Why are corticosteroids used for in patients with Crohn's
disease? - ---answers - Reduce inflammation
- Only used if aminosalicylates are not effective during an
exacerbation
What are the sickle cell and parent traits? - ---answers -
Children who have, 25%
- Children who do not have and are not carriers, 25%
- Children who are carriers, 50%
What is Huntington's disease? - ---answers - Autosomal
dominant disorder
- A person only needs one copy of each of the affected gene to
develop the disorder
- Each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene that
causes the disease
,- Leads to progressive degeneration of nerve cells that affects
movement, cognitive functions, and emotions
What is an example of an autosommal dominant disorder? - --
-answers - Huntington's disease
What is an example of an autosomal recessive disorder? - ---
answers - Cystic fibrosis
What is cystic fibrosis? - ---answers - Autosomal
recessive disorder
- The lungs and the digestive system get clogged with mucus
- Affects the pancreas causing secretions in the lungs
- Caused by CTFR mutation
What are some ways that cystic fibrosis affects the different
parts in the body? - ---answers - Lungs: block airways
causing inflammation and increasing the risk of infection,
pulmonary hypertension, and tissue damage
- Digestive tract: block secretion of digestive enzymes from
the pancreases leading to malabsorption and malnutrition, can
also lead to chronic pancreatitis
,- Liver: blockage of the bile ducts can interfere with the liver's
ability to clear toxins from the blood leading to scarring,
gallstones, and cirrhosis
- Reproductive system: structural problems that renders the
majority of men with this disorder to be infectable
- Endocrine system: blockage of insulin-producing cells on
the pancreas (islets of Langerhans) can lead to type of
diabetes that has characteristics of both type 1 and type 2
diabetes
What are some symptoms of patients with cystic fibrosis? - ---
answers - Very salty-tasting skin
- Postnasal drip, sinusitis
- Shortness of breath
- Repeated lung infections
- Foul-smelling, bulky greasy stools
- Poor growth
- Male infertility
What are some diagnostic tests used to diagnose cystic
fibrosis? - ---answers - Sweat test (measures the amount
of chloride in sweat)
, - Genetic test (detects chromosomal mutations associated with
the disease)
What is an example of x-linked dominant disorder? - ---
answers - Duchenne muscular dystrophy inheritance
(DMD)
- Color blindness
What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? ----- answers - X-
linked dominant disorder
- Until recently, children with this order did not live beyond
their teens
- Life expectancy now 30's and some into their 40's to 50's
- Affects the muscles, leading to muscle wasting that worsens
over time
- Almost always affects boys and symptoms being early in
childhood
What are some signs and symptoms in patients with
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? - ---answers ------ Difficulty
standing up, walking, and climbing stairs
- May have heart and lung problems
- Scoliosis
PATHOPHARMACOLOGICAL
FOUNDATIONS (ACTUAL 2025-2026)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Why are aminosalicylates used for in patients with Crohn's
disease? - ---answers - Reduce inflammation
What are some aminosalicylates that are used to treat Crohn's
disease? - ---answers - Sulfasalazine
- Mesalamine
Why are corticosteroids used for in patients with Crohn's
disease? - ---answers - Reduce inflammation
- Only used if aminosalicylates are not effective during an
exacerbation
What are the sickle cell and parent traits? - ---answers -
Children who have, 25%
- Children who do not have and are not carriers, 25%
- Children who are carriers, 50%
What is Huntington's disease? - ---answers - Autosomal
dominant disorder
- A person only needs one copy of each of the affected gene to
develop the disorder
- Each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene that
causes the disease
,- Leads to progressive degeneration of nerve cells that affects
movement, cognitive functions, and emotions
What is an example of an autosommal dominant disorder? - --
-answers - Huntington's disease
What is an example of an autosomal recessive disorder? - ---
answers - Cystic fibrosis
What is cystic fibrosis? - ---answers - Autosomal
recessive disorder
- The lungs and the digestive system get clogged with mucus
- Affects the pancreas causing secretions in the lungs
- Caused by CTFR mutation
What are some ways that cystic fibrosis affects the different
parts in the body? - ---answers - Lungs: block airways
causing inflammation and increasing the risk of infection,
pulmonary hypertension, and tissue damage
- Digestive tract: block secretion of digestive enzymes from
the pancreases leading to malabsorption and malnutrition, can
also lead to chronic pancreatitis
,- Liver: blockage of the bile ducts can interfere with the liver's
ability to clear toxins from the blood leading to scarring,
gallstones, and cirrhosis
- Reproductive system: structural problems that renders the
majority of men with this disorder to be infectable
- Endocrine system: blockage of insulin-producing cells on
the pancreas (islets of Langerhans) can lead to type of
diabetes that has characteristics of both type 1 and type 2
diabetes
What are some symptoms of patients with cystic fibrosis? - ---
answers - Very salty-tasting skin
- Postnasal drip, sinusitis
- Shortness of breath
- Repeated lung infections
- Foul-smelling, bulky greasy stools
- Poor growth
- Male infertility
What are some diagnostic tests used to diagnose cystic
fibrosis? - ---answers - Sweat test (measures the amount
of chloride in sweat)
, - Genetic test (detects chromosomal mutations associated with
the disease)
What is an example of x-linked dominant disorder? - ---
answers - Duchenne muscular dystrophy inheritance
(DMD)
- Color blindness
What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? ----- answers - X-
linked dominant disorder
- Until recently, children with this order did not live beyond
their teens
- Life expectancy now 30's and some into their 40's to 50's
- Affects the muscles, leading to muscle wasting that worsens
over time
- Almost always affects boys and symptoms being early in
childhood
What are some signs and symptoms in patients with
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? - ---answers ------ Difficulty
standing up, walking, and climbing stairs
- May have heart and lung problems
- Scoliosis
