ADN 520: Exam 4 Review || with Complete Solution.

ADN 520: Exam 4 Review || with Complete Solution.


What are defining manifestations of AKI and CKD/ESRF correct answers - Decreased urine
output
- Decreased GFR
- Increased BUN/Cr


What is the pathophysiology of AKI and CKD/ESRF? correct answers - Prerenal
- Intrarenal
- Postrenal
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
- Acid/base imbalances
- Kidneys are not filtering out waste and it builds up in the body


What are pertinent RN considerations for AKI and CKD/ESRF? correct answers - Monitor
potassium
- Discontinue to decrease use of nephrotoxic agents
- Careful balance of fluid and electrolytes


What are the phases of AKI? correct answers - Insult: kidney is damaged
- Oliguria: decreased urine output, increased concentration of urine, decreased GFR
- Diuresis: increased urine output, monitor for dehydration
- Recovery


What is normal urine output per hour for an adult? correct answers - 30 mL/hr


What medications are considered nephrotoxic? correct answers - NSAIDs
- Metformin

, - Antidiabetics
- Antibiotics
- IV contrast


What labs are used to diagnose renal failure? correct answers - BUN increased
- Creatinine increased
- GFR decreased
- Potassium increased
- Calcium decreased
- Phosphorus increased
- Sodium: increased or decreased based on AKI stage


What diet should renal patients consume? correct answers - Increased calories
- Increased calcium
- Decreased protein
- Decreased potassium
- Decreased phosphorus
- Decreased sodium


What acid/base balance do renal patients go into? correct answers - Metabolic acidosis


What are expected serum values for the following labs?


RBC
K+
Calcium
Phosphorus