BSC 101: Exam 2 (Illinois State University)
Revision Questions All Solved Graded A+
2025-2026 Updated.
-the double helix
-adenine pairs with thymine
- they form 2 hydrogen bonds together
-guanine pairs with cytosine
- they form 3 hydrogen bonds together - Answer What is the structure of DNA called?
the central dogma - Answer while genetic information is transferred from parent to offspring
via DNA duplication, genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA (which is called
transcription) and then RNA to protein (which is called translation)
translation - Answer RNA translated into protein (every 3 RNA bases codes for an amino acid)
transcription - Answer copying of DNA code to RNA, one nucleotide at a time so it is
complementary to the DNA
all living organisms ever discovered use the same code; more evidence all life shares the same
common ancestor (codons) - Answer Universal Genetic Code
Codon - Answer 3 letter "words" that code for an amino acid (64 codons to code for
approximately 20 amino acids)
gene expression - Answer the process of turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein
Gel Electrophoresis (biotech tool) - Answer separates DNA strands based on length (smaller
molecules move faster through the gel than large ones)
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) (biotech tool) - Answer taking a few copies of DNA and
making millions of copies (ex: use when you only have one drop of blood but need more to
solve a crime)
, - grow bacterial colonies
- bacterial cells that took up the gene express the protein product of the gene
(how insulin is made) - Answer Molecular Cloning (biotech tool)
the copying of an entire molecular organism like a sheep
- egg cell: haploid nucleus is removed
- a diploid nucleus from an individual's body cell is inserted into the egg cell
- electrically stimulate egg cell, which starts dividing
- resulting offspring is a genetic identical to the individual who donated the body cell diploid
nucleus - Answer Reproductive Cloning (biotech tool)
used to treat genetic disorders resulting in a missing or dysfunctional gene/protein
- the functional gene is cloned into a vector
- gene is inserted into the person's cell's genome
- functional gene gets expressed - Answer Gene Therapy
use molecular cloning to produce a gene product such as:
- H1N1 flu vaccine
- penicillin and many other antibiotics
- human insulin
- human growth hormones
created by manipulating fungal cells - Answer Production of vaccines, antibiotics, and
hormones
carpel - Answer female ovary of the flower which is responsible for producing the ova (female
cells)
stigma - Answer pollen receptor of the flower and is a sticky tip at the top of a carpel
style - Answer connects the stigma to the ovary chamber
Revision Questions All Solved Graded A+
2025-2026 Updated.
-the double helix
-adenine pairs with thymine
- they form 2 hydrogen bonds together
-guanine pairs with cytosine
- they form 3 hydrogen bonds together - Answer What is the structure of DNA called?
the central dogma - Answer while genetic information is transferred from parent to offspring
via DNA duplication, genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA (which is called
transcription) and then RNA to protein (which is called translation)
translation - Answer RNA translated into protein (every 3 RNA bases codes for an amino acid)
transcription - Answer copying of DNA code to RNA, one nucleotide at a time so it is
complementary to the DNA
all living organisms ever discovered use the same code; more evidence all life shares the same
common ancestor (codons) - Answer Universal Genetic Code
Codon - Answer 3 letter "words" that code for an amino acid (64 codons to code for
approximately 20 amino acids)
gene expression - Answer the process of turning on a gene to produce RNA and protein
Gel Electrophoresis (biotech tool) - Answer separates DNA strands based on length (smaller
molecules move faster through the gel than large ones)
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) (biotech tool) - Answer taking a few copies of DNA and
making millions of copies (ex: use when you only have one drop of blood but need more to
solve a crime)
, - grow bacterial colonies
- bacterial cells that took up the gene express the protein product of the gene
(how insulin is made) - Answer Molecular Cloning (biotech tool)
the copying of an entire molecular organism like a sheep
- egg cell: haploid nucleus is removed
- a diploid nucleus from an individual's body cell is inserted into the egg cell
- electrically stimulate egg cell, which starts dividing
- resulting offspring is a genetic identical to the individual who donated the body cell diploid
nucleus - Answer Reproductive Cloning (biotech tool)
used to treat genetic disorders resulting in a missing or dysfunctional gene/protein
- the functional gene is cloned into a vector
- gene is inserted into the person's cell's genome
- functional gene gets expressed - Answer Gene Therapy
use molecular cloning to produce a gene product such as:
- H1N1 flu vaccine
- penicillin and many other antibiotics
- human insulin
- human growth hormones
created by manipulating fungal cells - Answer Production of vaccines, antibiotics, and
hormones
carpel - Answer female ovary of the flower which is responsible for producing the ova (female
cells)
stigma - Answer pollen receptor of the flower and is a sticky tip at the top of a carpel
style - Answer connects the stigma to the ovary chamber
