KU BIOL 600 EXAM 2 FINAL 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Scientists discovered a new animal species with nerve cells physiologically similar to nerve cells found in
other animals. The membrane potential when only sodium ions can move across the membrane was
measured at +116 mV. What is the sodium concentration outside the nerve cell if the sodium
concentration inside the cell is 1 mM?
a) 1 M
b) 0.232 M
c) 0.116 M
d) 0.58 M
e) 0.1 M - (answer)0.1 M
All of the following are true statements about the action potential EXCEPT:
a) Opening of the voltage-gated Na-channels will move the membrane potential to the equilibrium
potential of Na.
b) Opening of voltage-gated K-channels will move the membrane potential to the equilibrium potential
of K.
c) The Hodgkin cycle causes the fast change in membrane potential during the rising phase of the action
potential.
d) The falling phase of the AP is mainly due to the movement of K+ ions.
e) Voltage-gated Na-channels stay open longer than voltage-gated K-channels. - (answer)Voltage-gated
Na-channels stay open longer than voltage-gated K-channels.
Which chemical binds to the nicotinic ACh receptor?
a) muscarine
b) atropine
c) norepinephrine
d) glutamate
e) curare - (answer)curare
The period of excitability of neuron during which both Na+ and K+ activation can occur is called the
a) interphase period.
,KU BIOL 600 EXAM 2 FINAL 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
b) relative refractory period.
c) absolute refractory period.
d) hyperexcitable period.
e) latent period - (answer)relative refractory period
Excitation of the rod cell by blue light results in the production of an action potential in the connected
bipolar cell - (answer)false
The process that produces the most ATP molecules per molecule of glucose is
a) substrate-level phosphorylation.
b) oxidative phosphorylation.
c) anaerobic glycolysis.
d) aerobic glycolysis.
e) Krebs (citric acid) cycle. - (answer)oxidative phosphorylation
Stimulation of a hair cell results in changes in the hair cell membrane such as
a) opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels.
b) opening of voltage-gated K+ channels.
c) answers a and b.
d) none of the above. - (answer)none, elevated Ca2+ levels stimulate the neurotransmitter release at
the glutamatergic synapses
What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?
a) To maintain a constant internal environment
b) To anticipate changes in the environment
c) To return a variable toward the set point
d) To bring about a rapid change in the body - (answer)To bring about a rapid change in the body
,KU BIOL 600 EXAM 2 FINAL 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
You are designing a drug. You would like to deliver the drug by creating a skin patch that contains the
drug and allows the drug to diffuse through the layers of the skin to reach the underlying tissues and
bloodstream. Which of these chemical changes might you make to increase the number of drug
molecules that diffuse through the layers of skin cells?
a) Increasing the number of nitrogen atoms in the drug
b) Decreasing the number of nonpolar groups in the drug
c) Decreasing the number of polar groups in the drug
d) Increasing the number of oxygen atoms in the drug - (answer)Decreasing the number of polar groups
in the drug
What category do hair cells in the organ of Corti belong to?
a) Mechanoreceptors
b) Chemoreceptors
c) Nociceptors
d) Photoreceptors
e) Proprioceptors - (answer)Mechanoreceptors
What comes first in the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles?
a) fusion.
b) priming.
c) docking.
d) opening of K+ channels - (answer)docking.
A complete lesion (destruction) of the left lateral geniculate nucleus produces which one of the
following visual field defects?
a) loss of lateral inhibition
b) loss of the left visual field
c) loss of both left and right visual field
d) loss of color vision.
, KU BIOL 600 EXAM 2 FINAL 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
e) none of the above - (answer)E
13. The optic nerve is composed of axons from which of the following retinal cell types?
a) bipolar
b) ganglion
c) amacrine
d) horizontal
e) answers a and b - (answer)b) ganglion
14. The physiological explanation for our ability to differentiate among sounds of different pitches
(frequencies) is because
a) hair cells respond to high pitch sound by moving into one direction and to low pitch by moving into
the opposite direction.
b) the basilar membrane depolarizes and hyperpolarizes at multiple locations depending on pitch.
c) hair cells at different locations on the basilar membrane respond to different sound frequencies.
d) the basilar membrane has more hair cells near the oval window and fewer hair cells near the apex.
e) high frequency sounds allows K+ to enter the hair cells and low frequency sounds allows Na+ to enter
the hair cells. - (answer)c) hair cells at different locations on the basilar membrane respond to different
sound frequencies.
15. The length constant of a neuron
a) is length of an constant axon.
b) stops the domino effect.
c) causes the axon to shrink in volume.
d) None of the above. - (answer)d) None of the above.
16. Saltatory conduction of an action potential is ....
a) an example of increasing the speed of AP conduction by negative feedback.
b) an example of increasing the speed of AP conduction by positive feedback.
Scientists discovered a new animal species with nerve cells physiologically similar to nerve cells found in
other animals. The membrane potential when only sodium ions can move across the membrane was
measured at +116 mV. What is the sodium concentration outside the nerve cell if the sodium
concentration inside the cell is 1 mM?
a) 1 M
b) 0.232 M
c) 0.116 M
d) 0.58 M
e) 0.1 M - (answer)0.1 M
All of the following are true statements about the action potential EXCEPT:
a) Opening of the voltage-gated Na-channels will move the membrane potential to the equilibrium
potential of Na.
b) Opening of voltage-gated K-channels will move the membrane potential to the equilibrium potential
of K.
c) The Hodgkin cycle causes the fast change in membrane potential during the rising phase of the action
potential.
d) The falling phase of the AP is mainly due to the movement of K+ ions.
e) Voltage-gated Na-channels stay open longer than voltage-gated K-channels. - (answer)Voltage-gated
Na-channels stay open longer than voltage-gated K-channels.
Which chemical binds to the nicotinic ACh receptor?
a) muscarine
b) atropine
c) norepinephrine
d) glutamate
e) curare - (answer)curare
The period of excitability of neuron during which both Na+ and K+ activation can occur is called the
a) interphase period.
,KU BIOL 600 EXAM 2 FINAL 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
b) relative refractory period.
c) absolute refractory period.
d) hyperexcitable period.
e) latent period - (answer)relative refractory period
Excitation of the rod cell by blue light results in the production of an action potential in the connected
bipolar cell - (answer)false
The process that produces the most ATP molecules per molecule of glucose is
a) substrate-level phosphorylation.
b) oxidative phosphorylation.
c) anaerobic glycolysis.
d) aerobic glycolysis.
e) Krebs (citric acid) cycle. - (answer)oxidative phosphorylation
Stimulation of a hair cell results in changes in the hair cell membrane such as
a) opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels.
b) opening of voltage-gated K+ channels.
c) answers a and b.
d) none of the above. - (answer)none, elevated Ca2+ levels stimulate the neurotransmitter release at
the glutamatergic synapses
What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms?
a) To maintain a constant internal environment
b) To anticipate changes in the environment
c) To return a variable toward the set point
d) To bring about a rapid change in the body - (answer)To bring about a rapid change in the body
,KU BIOL 600 EXAM 2 FINAL 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
You are designing a drug. You would like to deliver the drug by creating a skin patch that contains the
drug and allows the drug to diffuse through the layers of the skin to reach the underlying tissues and
bloodstream. Which of these chemical changes might you make to increase the number of drug
molecules that diffuse through the layers of skin cells?
a) Increasing the number of nitrogen atoms in the drug
b) Decreasing the number of nonpolar groups in the drug
c) Decreasing the number of polar groups in the drug
d) Increasing the number of oxygen atoms in the drug - (answer)Decreasing the number of polar groups
in the drug
What category do hair cells in the organ of Corti belong to?
a) Mechanoreceptors
b) Chemoreceptors
c) Nociceptors
d) Photoreceptors
e) Proprioceptors - (answer)Mechanoreceptors
What comes first in the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles?
a) fusion.
b) priming.
c) docking.
d) opening of K+ channels - (answer)docking.
A complete lesion (destruction) of the left lateral geniculate nucleus produces which one of the
following visual field defects?
a) loss of lateral inhibition
b) loss of the left visual field
c) loss of both left and right visual field
d) loss of color vision.
, KU BIOL 600 EXAM 2 FINAL 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
e) none of the above - (answer)E
13. The optic nerve is composed of axons from which of the following retinal cell types?
a) bipolar
b) ganglion
c) amacrine
d) horizontal
e) answers a and b - (answer)b) ganglion
14. The physiological explanation for our ability to differentiate among sounds of different pitches
(frequencies) is because
a) hair cells respond to high pitch sound by moving into one direction and to low pitch by moving into
the opposite direction.
b) the basilar membrane depolarizes and hyperpolarizes at multiple locations depending on pitch.
c) hair cells at different locations on the basilar membrane respond to different sound frequencies.
d) the basilar membrane has more hair cells near the oval window and fewer hair cells near the apex.
e) high frequency sounds allows K+ to enter the hair cells and low frequency sounds allows Na+ to enter
the hair cells. - (answer)c) hair cells at different locations on the basilar membrane respond to different
sound frequencies.
15. The length constant of a neuron
a) is length of an constant axon.
b) stops the domino effect.
c) causes the axon to shrink in volume.
d) None of the above. - (answer)d) None of the above.
16. Saltatory conduction of an action potential is ....
a) an example of increasing the speed of AP conduction by negative feedback.
b) an example of increasing the speed of AP conduction by positive feedback.
