ONS/ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy
Certificate questions and answers 2024\2025 A+
Grade
Lesson 1: Foundations to Set the Stage
- correct answer
Focusing on Cellular Structure and Function
- correct answer
The Normal Cell Cycle
- correct answer -The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of processes of DNA replication and mitosis,
or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes molecular information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase
- correct answer Cell division produces two identical cells through these two major phases
During interphase:
- correct answer Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap)
- correct answer -cells increase in size
,-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase)
- correct answer -DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase)
- correct answer -Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and move into 2 new, identical
daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from
- correct answer -G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
,Restriction Point
- correct answer -The transition from the resting phase into an actively dividing phase (G0-G1) is a point
where cellular transformation can occur
-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are required to send the cells past the
restriction point, or the point of no return
G0 Phase (resting phase)
- correct answer -After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1 phase or go into a resting phase, known
as G0
-Most cells in the human body reside in G0
-Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase)
- correct answer -Exceptions to this are those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
Cell Cycling Time
- correct answer Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
Cell cycle video and image
- correct answer
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_c
ell_cycle_works.html
Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control
- correct answer -The cell cycle is carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
, -Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division can alter the genetic
information passed on to daughter cells, leading to cellular dysfunction and disease, such as cancer
-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control progression through mitosis
Progression through the cell cycle is controlled through two proteins:
- correct answer 1. cyclines (D, E, A, B)
2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
-Cyclin-CDK complex allows the cell to progress through each phase of the cell cycle
Locations of proteins Cyclins (D, E, A, B) and CDKs
- correct answer -(G0-G1) : Cyclin D and CDK 4/6
-Early S: Cyclin E and CDK 1/2
-Late S: Cyclin A and CDK 1/2
-G2: CDK 1/2 and cyclin A
-Before M: CDK 1 and Cyclin B
Inhibitory proteins
- correct answer -prevent progression of the cycle when DNA damage is detected
-An example of an inhibitory protein is p53 (AKA TP53)
Certificate questions and answers 2024\2025 A+
Grade
Lesson 1: Foundations to Set the Stage
- correct answer
Focusing on Cellular Structure and Function
- correct answer
The Normal Cell Cycle
- correct answer -The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of processes of DNA replication and mitosis,
or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes molecular information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase
- correct answer Cell division produces two identical cells through these two major phases
During interphase:
- correct answer Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap)
- correct answer -cells increase in size
,-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase)
- correct answer -DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase)
- correct answer -Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and move into 2 new, identical
daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from
- correct answer -G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
-M phase
,Restriction Point
- correct answer -The transition from the resting phase into an actively dividing phase (G0-G1) is a point
where cellular transformation can occur
-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are required to send the cells past the
restriction point, or the point of no return
G0 Phase (resting phase)
- correct answer -After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1 phase or go into a resting phase, known
as G0
-Most cells in the human body reside in G0
-Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase)
- correct answer -Exceptions to this are those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
Cell Cycling Time
- correct answer Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
Cell cycle video and image
- correct answer
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_c
ell_cycle_works.html
Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control
- correct answer -The cell cycle is carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
, -Variation in duplication or distribution of chromosomes during cell division can alter the genetic
information passed on to daughter cells, leading to cellular dysfunction and disease, such as cancer
-These checkpoints monitor for DNA integrity and control progression through mitosis
Progression through the cell cycle is controlled through two proteins:
- correct answer 1. cyclines (D, E, A, B)
2. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
-Cyclin-CDK complex allows the cell to progress through each phase of the cell cycle
Locations of proteins Cyclins (D, E, A, B) and CDKs
- correct answer -(G0-G1) : Cyclin D and CDK 4/6
-Early S: Cyclin E and CDK 1/2
-Late S: Cyclin A and CDK 1/2
-G2: CDK 1/2 and cyclin A
-Before M: CDK 1 and Cyclin B
Inhibitory proteins
- correct answer -prevent progression of the cycle when DNA damage is detected
-An example of an inhibitory protein is p53 (AKA TP53)
