COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Arignar Anna Government Arts & Science College
Karaikal, Puducherry (U.T), Affiliated to Pondicherry University
Department of Computer Science
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Paper Code: 249
MODULE - I
Overview of Computer Graphics System: Video Display Devices – Raster Scan Systems – Random – Scan
Systems - Graphics Monitors and Workstations – Input Devices – Hardcopy Devices – Graphics Software.
MODULE - II
Output Primitives: Line Drawing Algorithms – Loading the Frame Buffer – Line Function – Circle –
Generating Algorithms - Attributes of Output Primitives: Line Attributes – Curve Attributes – Color and
Gray scale levels– Area fill Attributes – Character Attributes – Bundled Attributes – Inquiry Functions.
MODULE - III
2D Geometric Transformations: Basic Transformation – Matrix Representations – Composite
Transformations – Window to View port Co-Ordinate Transformations - Clipping: Point Clipping – Line
Clipping – Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping – Liang Barsky Line Clipping – Polygon Clipping – Sutherland
– Hodgeman Polygon Clipping – Curve Clipping – Text Clipping.
MODULE - IV
Graphical User Interfaces and Interactive Input Methods: The User Dialogue – Input of Graphical Data –
Input Functions – Interactive Picture Construction Techniques – Three Dimensional Concepts: 3D-Display
Methods – Three Dimensional Graphics Packages
MODULE - V
3D Geometric and Modeling Transformations: Translation – Scaling – Rotation – Other Transformations.
Visible Surface Detection Methods: Classification of Visible Surface Detection Algorithm –Back face
Detection – Depth-Buffer Method – A Buffer Method – Scan-Line Method –Applications of Computer
Graphics.
Text Book: Donald Hearn M. Pauline Baker, Computer Graphics C Version, 2nd edition, Pearson
Education, 2014.
Dr. D. UDAYA / Assistant Professor AAGASC / Department of Computer Science / KKL
,COMPUTER GRAPHICS
MODULE - I
Overview of Computer Graphics System: Video Display Devices – Raster Scan Systems – Random – Scan
Systems - Graphics Monitors and Workstations – Input Devices – Hardcopy Devices – Graphics Software.
Overview of Computer Graphics System
Computer graphics is commonly seen as a computer science branch that deals with the computerized image
fusion theory and technology. As simple as a triangle outline, a computer-generated image may represent a
scene. The computer has become a powerful tool for producing images quickly and economically.
When a computer is used to create images, the same process is followed as creating images manually. The
process’s primary computational steps give a boost to several important computer graphics areas.
Also on computers, the term computer graphics covers almost everything. Here in the computer graphics
program’s classroom, we think of computer graphics as drawing images on machines, often known
as rendering. The images can be photos, sketches, animations, or pictures of items imagined. Or they may
be pictures, we cannot see directly, like internal body parts.
We have put a great deal of our time to develop how computer images can replicate real-world scenes. We
want objects on computers not only to look more real, but also their colors to be more realistic and how
different materials appear. We can call it “real synthesis of the image.”
The term computer graphics has been used to define “almost everything on the computer, including text or
sound.” Generally, the term computer graphics refer to the following things:
Computer representation and manipulation of image data.
Various technologies for creating and manipulating images.
Computer graphics study is a sub-field of computer science that studies methods for digitally
incorporating and manipulating visual content.
The next area of computer graphics that deals with the placement of a triangle is called transformation.
Here we can use matrices to get the mapping of a triangle in image space. We can also set up the
transformation matrix to control the location and orientation of the displayed image. We can also resize the
triangle.
Dr. D. UDAYA / Assistant Professor AAGASC / Department of Computer Science / KKL
,COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Definition of Computer Graphics-Computer graphics can be a series of images which is most often called
a video or single image. Computer graphics is the technology that concerns with designs and pictures
on computers. That’s why, computer graphics are visual representations of data shown on a monitor made
on a computer.
“Computer graphics is the use of a computer to define, store, manipulate, interrogate, and represent the
pictorial output.” An image in computer graphics is made up of a number of pixels.
Types of Computer Graphics
There are two kinds of computer graphics are–
Interactive Computer Graphics
Non-Interactive Computer Graphics
Interactive Computer Graphics
In interactive computer graphics, users have some controls over the image, i.e., the user can make any
changes to the image produced.
Interactive Computer Graphics involves computer-user two-way communication.
For Example:
Ping-pong game.
Drawing on touch screens.
Display weather forecast or other moving charts/graphs on the screen.
Animating pictures or graphics in movies.
Graphics animation in video games.
Working of Interactive Computer Graphics
The modern display of graphics is very simple to build. It is composed of three components:
Dr. D. UDAYA / Assistant Professor AAGASC / Department of Computer Science / KKL
, COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Display controller or video controller
Digital memory or frame buffer
Television monitor
1. Display controller or video controller- It’s a Memory Buffer and TV Monitor interface. Its task is to
pass Frame Buffer’s contents to the monitor. The display controller reads each continuous byte of Memory
frame buffer data and converts 0’s and 1’s into appropriate video signals.
In today’s term, the display controller is recognized as a display card, and one of our choices can be a
VGA(Video Graphics Array) card with a resolution of 640×480. Display Controller is also capable of
displaying the image in colors.
2. Digital memory or frame buffer-This is a place where images and pictures are stored as an array (matrix
of 0 & 1, 0 represents darkness, and 1 represents image or picture). It is also called a frame buffer.
In today’s term frame buffer is called V-RAM (video RAM), and it helps to store the image in bit form. It
helps to increase the speed of graphics.
3. Television monitor- Monitor helps us to view the display, and they make use of CRT(Cathode ray tube)
technology.
Advantages
1. Superior Quality.
2. More accurate outcomes or products.
3. Increased Productivity.
4. Lower cost of development.
5. Increases the ability to understand information and interpret patterns significantly.
Non- Interactive Computer Graphics
Non-interactive computer graphics are also known as passive computer graphics. It is a type of computer
graphics in which the user has no control over the image. The photo is completely controlled by the
instructions of the program, not by the user.
Dr. D. UDAYA / Assistant Professor AAGASC / Department of Computer Science / KKL
Arignar Anna Government Arts & Science College
Karaikal, Puducherry (U.T), Affiliated to Pondicherry University
Department of Computer Science
COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Paper Code: 249
MODULE - I
Overview of Computer Graphics System: Video Display Devices – Raster Scan Systems – Random – Scan
Systems - Graphics Monitors and Workstations – Input Devices – Hardcopy Devices – Graphics Software.
MODULE - II
Output Primitives: Line Drawing Algorithms – Loading the Frame Buffer – Line Function – Circle –
Generating Algorithms - Attributes of Output Primitives: Line Attributes – Curve Attributes – Color and
Gray scale levels– Area fill Attributes – Character Attributes – Bundled Attributes – Inquiry Functions.
MODULE - III
2D Geometric Transformations: Basic Transformation – Matrix Representations – Composite
Transformations – Window to View port Co-Ordinate Transformations - Clipping: Point Clipping – Line
Clipping – Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping – Liang Barsky Line Clipping – Polygon Clipping – Sutherland
– Hodgeman Polygon Clipping – Curve Clipping – Text Clipping.
MODULE - IV
Graphical User Interfaces and Interactive Input Methods: The User Dialogue – Input of Graphical Data –
Input Functions – Interactive Picture Construction Techniques – Three Dimensional Concepts: 3D-Display
Methods – Three Dimensional Graphics Packages
MODULE - V
3D Geometric and Modeling Transformations: Translation – Scaling – Rotation – Other Transformations.
Visible Surface Detection Methods: Classification of Visible Surface Detection Algorithm –Back face
Detection – Depth-Buffer Method – A Buffer Method – Scan-Line Method –Applications of Computer
Graphics.
Text Book: Donald Hearn M. Pauline Baker, Computer Graphics C Version, 2nd edition, Pearson
Education, 2014.
Dr. D. UDAYA / Assistant Professor AAGASC / Department of Computer Science / KKL
,COMPUTER GRAPHICS
MODULE - I
Overview of Computer Graphics System: Video Display Devices – Raster Scan Systems – Random – Scan
Systems - Graphics Monitors and Workstations – Input Devices – Hardcopy Devices – Graphics Software.
Overview of Computer Graphics System
Computer graphics is commonly seen as a computer science branch that deals with the computerized image
fusion theory and technology. As simple as a triangle outline, a computer-generated image may represent a
scene. The computer has become a powerful tool for producing images quickly and economically.
When a computer is used to create images, the same process is followed as creating images manually. The
process’s primary computational steps give a boost to several important computer graphics areas.
Also on computers, the term computer graphics covers almost everything. Here in the computer graphics
program’s classroom, we think of computer graphics as drawing images on machines, often known
as rendering. The images can be photos, sketches, animations, or pictures of items imagined. Or they may
be pictures, we cannot see directly, like internal body parts.
We have put a great deal of our time to develop how computer images can replicate real-world scenes. We
want objects on computers not only to look more real, but also their colors to be more realistic and how
different materials appear. We can call it “real synthesis of the image.”
The term computer graphics has been used to define “almost everything on the computer, including text or
sound.” Generally, the term computer graphics refer to the following things:
Computer representation and manipulation of image data.
Various technologies for creating and manipulating images.
Computer graphics study is a sub-field of computer science that studies methods for digitally
incorporating and manipulating visual content.
The next area of computer graphics that deals with the placement of a triangle is called transformation.
Here we can use matrices to get the mapping of a triangle in image space. We can also set up the
transformation matrix to control the location and orientation of the displayed image. We can also resize the
triangle.
Dr. D. UDAYA / Assistant Professor AAGASC / Department of Computer Science / KKL
,COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Definition of Computer Graphics-Computer graphics can be a series of images which is most often called
a video or single image. Computer graphics is the technology that concerns with designs and pictures
on computers. That’s why, computer graphics are visual representations of data shown on a monitor made
on a computer.
“Computer graphics is the use of a computer to define, store, manipulate, interrogate, and represent the
pictorial output.” An image in computer graphics is made up of a number of pixels.
Types of Computer Graphics
There are two kinds of computer graphics are–
Interactive Computer Graphics
Non-Interactive Computer Graphics
Interactive Computer Graphics
In interactive computer graphics, users have some controls over the image, i.e., the user can make any
changes to the image produced.
Interactive Computer Graphics involves computer-user two-way communication.
For Example:
Ping-pong game.
Drawing on touch screens.
Display weather forecast or other moving charts/graphs on the screen.
Animating pictures or graphics in movies.
Graphics animation in video games.
Working of Interactive Computer Graphics
The modern display of graphics is very simple to build. It is composed of three components:
Dr. D. UDAYA / Assistant Professor AAGASC / Department of Computer Science / KKL
, COMPUTER GRAPHICS
Display controller or video controller
Digital memory or frame buffer
Television monitor
1. Display controller or video controller- It’s a Memory Buffer and TV Monitor interface. Its task is to
pass Frame Buffer’s contents to the monitor. The display controller reads each continuous byte of Memory
frame buffer data and converts 0’s and 1’s into appropriate video signals.
In today’s term, the display controller is recognized as a display card, and one of our choices can be a
VGA(Video Graphics Array) card with a resolution of 640×480. Display Controller is also capable of
displaying the image in colors.
2. Digital memory or frame buffer-This is a place where images and pictures are stored as an array (matrix
of 0 & 1, 0 represents darkness, and 1 represents image or picture). It is also called a frame buffer.
In today’s term frame buffer is called V-RAM (video RAM), and it helps to store the image in bit form. It
helps to increase the speed of graphics.
3. Television monitor- Monitor helps us to view the display, and they make use of CRT(Cathode ray tube)
technology.
Advantages
1. Superior Quality.
2. More accurate outcomes or products.
3. Increased Productivity.
4. Lower cost of development.
5. Increases the ability to understand information and interpret patterns significantly.
Non- Interactive Computer Graphics
Non-interactive computer graphics are also known as passive computer graphics. It is a type of computer
graphics in which the user has no control over the image. The photo is completely controlled by the
instructions of the program, not by the user.
Dr. D. UDAYA / Assistant Professor AAGASC / Department of Computer Science / KKL
