NAS 2 TCC STUDY GUIDE CORRECT
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What is the purpose of the scientific method? - ANSWER The scientific method is an
organized way to study the natural world and find out how it works.
What are the steps of the scientific method? - ANSWER Ask a Question.
Do Background Research.
Construct a Hypothesis.
Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment.
Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion.
Communicate Your Results.
Distinguish between independent and dependent variables - ANSWER An independent
variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the
effects on the dependent variable.
A dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in a scientific
experiment.
Distinguish between control and experimental groups - ANSWER An experimental
group is the group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested. One
variable is tested at a time. The experimental group is compared to a control group,
which does not receive the test variable.
Distinguish between hypothesis and theory. - ANSWER A hypothesis is an attempt to
explain phenomena. It is a proposal, a guess used to understand and/or predict
something. A theory is the result of testing a hypothesis and developing an explanation
that is assumed to be true about something.
Define Anatomy and Physiology - ANSWER Anatomy is the study of the structure and
relationship between body parts.
Physiology is the study of the function of body parts and the body as a whole.
Identify the six levels of organization (chemical, tissue, etc.) - ANSWER 1) Chemical
Level
2) Cellular level
3)Tissue level
4)Organ level
5)Organ system level
6) Organismal level
Identify the requirements for life: - ANSWER 1. Reproduction 2. Response/reaction to
environment 3. Metabolism 4. Growth.
, Identify survival needs: - ANSWER survival needs (5): nutrients, oxygen, water, stable
body temperature, and atmospheric pressure
What is homeostasis? - ANSWER The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its
internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls, so as to stabilize health
and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions.
What are the basic mechanisms of homeostasis? - ANSWER - Homeostatic control
mechanisms have at least three interdependent components: receptor, control center,
and effector.
- The receptor senses environmental stimuli, sending the information to the control
center.
- The control center, generally the brain, signals an effector (e.g. muscles) to respond to
the stimuli.
- Positive feedback enhances or accelerates output created by an activated stimulus.
- Negative feedback brings a system back to its level of normal functioning such as
adjusting blood pressure, metabolism, and body temperature.
structure of an atom - ANSWER atoms are the smallest basic unit of matter. The
nucleus contains positively charged particles called protons and neutral particles called
neutrons. A certain amount of protons and neutrons exist in the nucleus that are
extremely densely compacted together. Electrons, other particles hat are negatively
charged, orbit the nucleus due to charge attraction and gravity.
ionic bonds - ANSWER -Ionic bonds lose or gain electrons usually between a non-
metal and a metal,
covalent bonds - ANSWER -Covalent bonds share electrons usually between two non-
metals
hydrogen bond - ANSWER a weak chemical bond between an electronegative atom,
such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen, and a hydrogen atom bound to another
electronegative atom. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the properties of water and
many biological molecules
polar bonds - ANSWER Polar bonds happen when two atoms form a molecule using a
covalent bond.
non- polar bonds - ANSWER Non-polar molecules occur when the electron sharing
during a covalent bond is equal, so there is no ionic charge and the electrons are
distributed symmetrically.
Enzymes - ANSWER Enzymes are proteins, produced by living cells; they catalyze
chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.
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What is the purpose of the scientific method? - ANSWER The scientific method is an
organized way to study the natural world and find out how it works.
What are the steps of the scientific method? - ANSWER Ask a Question.
Do Background Research.
Construct a Hypothesis.
Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment.
Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion.
Communicate Your Results.
Distinguish between independent and dependent variables - ANSWER An independent
variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test the
effects on the dependent variable.
A dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in a scientific
experiment.
Distinguish between control and experimental groups - ANSWER An experimental
group is the group in an experiment that receives the variable being tested. One
variable is tested at a time. The experimental group is compared to a control group,
which does not receive the test variable.
Distinguish between hypothesis and theory. - ANSWER A hypothesis is an attempt to
explain phenomena. It is a proposal, a guess used to understand and/or predict
something. A theory is the result of testing a hypothesis and developing an explanation
that is assumed to be true about something.
Define Anatomy and Physiology - ANSWER Anatomy is the study of the structure and
relationship between body parts.
Physiology is the study of the function of body parts and the body as a whole.
Identify the six levels of organization (chemical, tissue, etc.) - ANSWER 1) Chemical
Level
2) Cellular level
3)Tissue level
4)Organ level
5)Organ system level
6) Organismal level
Identify the requirements for life: - ANSWER 1. Reproduction 2. Response/reaction to
environment 3. Metabolism 4. Growth.
, Identify survival needs: - ANSWER survival needs (5): nutrients, oxygen, water, stable
body temperature, and atmospheric pressure
What is homeostasis? - ANSWER The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its
internal conditions, usually by a system of feedback controls, so as to stabilize health
and functioning, regardless of the outside changing conditions.
What are the basic mechanisms of homeostasis? - ANSWER - Homeostatic control
mechanisms have at least three interdependent components: receptor, control center,
and effector.
- The receptor senses environmental stimuli, sending the information to the control
center.
- The control center, generally the brain, signals an effector (e.g. muscles) to respond to
the stimuli.
- Positive feedback enhances or accelerates output created by an activated stimulus.
- Negative feedback brings a system back to its level of normal functioning such as
adjusting blood pressure, metabolism, and body temperature.
structure of an atom - ANSWER atoms are the smallest basic unit of matter. The
nucleus contains positively charged particles called protons and neutral particles called
neutrons. A certain amount of protons and neutrons exist in the nucleus that are
extremely densely compacted together. Electrons, other particles hat are negatively
charged, orbit the nucleus due to charge attraction and gravity.
ionic bonds - ANSWER -Ionic bonds lose or gain electrons usually between a non-
metal and a metal,
covalent bonds - ANSWER -Covalent bonds share electrons usually between two non-
metals
hydrogen bond - ANSWER a weak chemical bond between an electronegative atom,
such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen, and a hydrogen atom bound to another
electronegative atom. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the properties of water and
many biological molecules
polar bonds - ANSWER Polar bonds happen when two atoms form a molecule using a
covalent bond.
non- polar bonds - ANSWER Non-polar molecules occur when the electron sharing
during a covalent bond is equal, so there is no ionic charge and the electrons are
distributed symmetrically.
Enzymes - ANSWER Enzymes are proteins, produced by living cells; they catalyze
chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.
