Introduction to Buildings - Final Exam
Questions and Answers Rated 100%
Correct
purpose of facility answer - Every building has a client, who specifies the purpose
Every building has users.
Why construct buildings? answer - - Enclose or define a space within a structure (firmness)
- Make useful space for particular function or performance.
- Contribute aesthetically to building environment.
Design constraints answer - Physical, technology, regulations, political, financial, aesthetic,
social/cultural.
What do orthographic drawings provide? answer - Shape and layout but not size
What is the minimum number of cross sections on a drawing? answer - Two, one vertical and
one horizontal
*Metric scale rulers* answer -
Metric scales answer - A proportion of one millimeter to a specified number of millimeters.
*Common metric scales* answer -
,Plot ratio answer - maximum amount of floor space a particular site may accommodate.
What is the ratio in plot ratio? answer - building floor area (gross floor area) to size of piece of
land.
Plot ratio example - plot ratio of 9.0 answer - total floor area of building is 9x the gross area of
the plot
Easement answer - A designated area of land that gives councils, or other authorities, access
rights through your property to maintain, install, replace or upgrade essential services
infrastructure.
Setback answer - The distance that a building or property must be from the street or property
boundary.
Structural systems answer -
*Functional elements* answer - substructures - foundations, footings, basements
superstructure - columns, beams, plate structures (slabs), bracing
*Structural mandates* answer - bearing, lifting, spanning, bracing
Bearing answer - Carry the load from another structural member (foundation) (pad footing)
Lifting answer - Holds up the structure (column)
Spanning answer - Horizontal support of other structural members (beams, joist, girder, slab)
, Shallow Foundations answer - for soil with adequate bearing capacity
transfer loads directly to supporting soil
pad/strip footings
Deep foundations answer - for unstable or inadequate bearing capacity soil
transfer loads to appropriate bearing strata or dense sand or gravel by friction
*Shallow foundations - types* answer -
Isolated footings/foundations answer - column or pad footings
individual spread footings supporting columns
distributes a column load to soil below
Strip or wall footings answer - continuous strip of concrete
distribute load or load bearing walls to soil
*Concrete properties* answer -
Composition of concrete answer - Composed of cement, water, fine aggregate (sand), coarse
aggregate (rock).
admixtures can be supplemented to reduce curing time, increase workability, increase strength,
or change material properties.
Water-cement ratio answer - lower ratio allows increased compressive and flexural strength,
reduced shrinkage cracking, lower permeability, better resistance to wear and bad weather.
Typically between 0.4 and 0.6
Lower water-cement ratios for higher strength concrete
Questions and Answers Rated 100%
Correct
purpose of facility answer - Every building has a client, who specifies the purpose
Every building has users.
Why construct buildings? answer - - Enclose or define a space within a structure (firmness)
- Make useful space for particular function or performance.
- Contribute aesthetically to building environment.
Design constraints answer - Physical, technology, regulations, political, financial, aesthetic,
social/cultural.
What do orthographic drawings provide? answer - Shape and layout but not size
What is the minimum number of cross sections on a drawing? answer - Two, one vertical and
one horizontal
*Metric scale rulers* answer -
Metric scales answer - A proportion of one millimeter to a specified number of millimeters.
*Common metric scales* answer -
,Plot ratio answer - maximum amount of floor space a particular site may accommodate.
What is the ratio in plot ratio? answer - building floor area (gross floor area) to size of piece of
land.
Plot ratio example - plot ratio of 9.0 answer - total floor area of building is 9x the gross area of
the plot
Easement answer - A designated area of land that gives councils, or other authorities, access
rights through your property to maintain, install, replace or upgrade essential services
infrastructure.
Setback answer - The distance that a building or property must be from the street or property
boundary.
Structural systems answer -
*Functional elements* answer - substructures - foundations, footings, basements
superstructure - columns, beams, plate structures (slabs), bracing
*Structural mandates* answer - bearing, lifting, spanning, bracing
Bearing answer - Carry the load from another structural member (foundation) (pad footing)
Lifting answer - Holds up the structure (column)
Spanning answer - Horizontal support of other structural members (beams, joist, girder, slab)
, Shallow Foundations answer - for soil with adequate bearing capacity
transfer loads directly to supporting soil
pad/strip footings
Deep foundations answer - for unstable or inadequate bearing capacity soil
transfer loads to appropriate bearing strata or dense sand or gravel by friction
*Shallow foundations - types* answer -
Isolated footings/foundations answer - column or pad footings
individual spread footings supporting columns
distributes a column load to soil below
Strip or wall footings answer - continuous strip of concrete
distribute load or load bearing walls to soil
*Concrete properties* answer -
Composition of concrete answer - Composed of cement, water, fine aggregate (sand), coarse
aggregate (rock).
admixtures can be supplemented to reduce curing time, increase workability, increase strength,
or change material properties.
Water-cement ratio answer - lower ratio allows increased compressive and flexural strength,
reduced shrinkage cracking, lower permeability, better resistance to wear and bad weather.
Typically between 0.4 and 0.6
Lower water-cement ratios for higher strength concrete
